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...database/glossary/families/bentivol.html], led a city revolt against the [[Papacy]] in [[1438]]. He tried to make peace with the Visconti family and to conv

...ranks]] for aid. In 756 Frankish forces defeated the Lombards and gave the Papacy legal authority over all of central Italy, thus creating the [[Papal States ...of [[Amalfi]], [[Pisa]], [[Genoa]] and [[Venice]] became major powers. The papacy regained its authority, and started a long struggle with the empire, about

...[[Kingdom of Sicily]]. After the [[Hohenstaufen]] confrontation with the [[Papacy]], the kingdom passed to [[Charles of Anjou]] who retained his mainland ter

...the [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]], factions supporting, respectively, the [[Papacy]] and the [[Holy Roman Empire]] in central and northern [[Italy]] during th

...Ghibellines]], supporters of the [[Germany|German]] emperor, and the pro-[[Papacy|Papal]] [[Guelphs]], who after their victory split in turn into feuding "Wh ...[[Catholic]] church (especially the controversy over the French [[Avignon Papacy]] and the [[Western Schism|Great Schism]]) along with the catastrophic effe

...rters of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]) and the [[Guelphs]] (supporters of the Papacy). Factions from each side controlled the town at various times in the late

...of lighting in art. Wealthy families, such as the [[Medici]]s, and the [[papacy]] served as patrons for many Italian artists, including [[Leonardo da Vinci

...local tradition; see [[Amiternum]]), as a bulwark against the power of the papacy. The name of Aquila ("Eagle" in Italian) was indeed chosen after the herald

...general and national hero. [[Rome]] itself remained for a decade under the Papacy, and became part of the [[Kingdom of Italy]] only on September 20, 1870. Th

...lack of zeal contributed to its frequently coming into conflict with the [[Papacy]]. Venice was threatened with the [[interdict]] on a number of occasions an

Conflict between the Hohenstaufen house and the Papacy led in 1266 to Sicily's conquest by [[Charles I of Naples|Charles I]], [[du

...his [[hermit]]'s cell looked out into the world and specially watched the papacy, scourging with his words [[Pope Celestine V]] and Pope Boniface VIII, for ...agonia''; in his ''Fanatismo'' and his ''Superstizione'' he attacked the [[papacy]]; afterwards he sang the praises of the [[Austria]]ns. Thus every great ev

...his [[hermit]]'s cell looked out into the world and specially watched the papacy, scourging with his words [[Pope Celestine V]] and Pope Boniface VIII, for ...agonia''; in his ''Fanatismo'' and his ''Superstizione'' he attacked the [[papacy]]; afterwards he sang the praises of the [[Austria]]ns. Thus every great ev