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...ound from pre-hardened stock, while larger ones are made from [[annealed]] steel and hardened after fabrication. Some [[non-ferrous metals]] are also used i ==Types of spring==

'''Ferrario''' was founded in the spring of 1973 by [[Ditta Carlo]] and Giuseppe and was based in [[Albavilla]], [[C ...ll off-road vehicle was small and built on a contemporary profiled torpedo steel frame used a [[Fiat 500]] F engine, combined with the transmission and gear

...e. When bolted, it is sometimes equipped with [[rubber]] [[bushing]]s or [[Spring (device)|springs]] to [[Damping|dampen]] [[oscillation|vibration]]. A subframe is usually made of pressed steel panels which are welded or spot welded together. The use of [[Hydroformed]]

...y the adoption of a [[radiator]] a radiator with a fan powered by a spring steel. This small two-seater car had a wheelbase of 1990 mm and [[track]] of 1093

[[Image:Piston rings.jpg|thumb|250px|Spring-loaded piston rings.]] ...two rails or segments (these are thin steel rings) with a spacer expander spring which keeps the two rails apart and provides the radial load.

|Build || Chassis frame made of steel with a body of steel. Lang Landscape engine in front. Gearbox, located at the engine. Front whee |Suspension || For: Independent suspension with a transverse leaf spring lying.<br>

...ss members and had a [[double wishbone]] suspension with transverse [[leaf spring]]s in front with a [[live axle]] in the rear. However, [[Gioacchino Colomb

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...dent, trapezes overlapped with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

| colspan="3" | Tubular steel Trellis frame in ALS 450 | Progressive linkage with fully adjustable [[Öhlins]] monoshock with top-out spring. Aluminum [[single-sided swingarm]]

| Chassis || [[Aluminium]] central [[monocoque]] with [[steel]] [[spaceframe]] front and rear. ...ble wishbone suspension|Double wishbone]], outboard [[Spring (device)|coil spring]]/[[shock absorber|damper]].

...ston in machined grooves. These rings are made of some variety of [[spring steel]] which makes positive contact with the hard walls of the sleeve (this cont

...ss members and had a [[double wishbone]] suspension with transverse [[leaf spring]]s in front with a [[live axle]] in the rear. However, [[Gioacchino Colomb

...e and leaf spring longitudinal semiellittiche, behind rigid axle with leaf spring longitudinal 3/4 ellipse *''Frame'': steel, and a side-sleepers; step 323.5 cm, 133 cm front carriageway road back 133

...ston in machined grooves. These rings are made of some variety of [[spring steel]] which makes positive contact with the hard walls of the sleeve (this cont

...orbers, the vehicle would have a bouncing ride, as energy is stored in the spring and then released to the vehicle, possibly exceeding the allowed range of [ ...ce)|Spring]]-based shock absorbers commonly use [[coil spring]]s or [[leaf spring]]s, though [[torsion bar]]s can be used in [[torsion (mechanics)|torsional

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special steel aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

The particular design chassy and tubes special [[steel]] section elliptical-derived aircraft, [[Caproni]], ensured the proper rel ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special steel aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...le and trapeze overlapped with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

The [[frame]], a frame of special steel tubes, comes directly from that of ''[[Bandini 1000 | 1000/66]]'', although ...ure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical and round section tubes, special steel aeronautics derivation; engine semiportante

...ve]]s used on tires are examples of poppet valves. The Presta valve has no spring and relies on a pressure differential for opening and closing while being i ...modromic valve]]s are closed by positive mechanical action instead of by a spring, and are used in some high speed [[motorcycle]] and [[auto racing]] engines

...ps the diaphragm from moving until the brake pedal is depressed. A return spring keeps the diaphragm in the starting position until the brake pedal is appli The fluid pressure from the master cylinder travels through a pair of steel lines to a compensator, which performs two functions: It equalizes pressure

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; ** Rear: a bridge disk, with two leaf spring semiellittiche longitudinal vertical telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers,

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special steel aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

...rtin DB Series. [[Suspension]] is independent on all four wheels with coil spring [[shock absorbers]], together with front disc and rear drum brakes and [[Bo

...ial]]: frame of mixed section tubes round and rectangular tubes, special [[steel]] ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar stabilizing, [[camber]] record

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

...aterial]]: frame of elliptical and circle section tubes, [[steel]] special steel aeronautics derivation ; ...: a bridge rigid DeDion with [[shock]] vertical telescopic hydraulic and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial;

..., at that time it was a luxury. This type of spring was called "swing-arm" spring action. It cost a lot of service, but it works well. ...-bar has vanished and the frame is unique. A tube-frame at the front and a steel back-frame fixed together, gives the motor a Spartan look which vever used

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

...me chassis and had a [[double wishbone]] suspension with transverse [[leaf spring]]s in front with a [[live axle]] in the rear. Hydraulic power [[drum brake

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial

...members. It had a [[double wishbone]] suspension with a transverse [[leaf spring]] in front and a [[torsion bar]] in the rear which was upgraded to a [[de D

|Suspension || front: telescopic fork, rear: swing arm. Spring with hydraulic damping. ...e#Single|single-cylinder]] [[OHV]], [[Motorcycle frame|open-cradle pressed-steel frame]] motorcycles made by [[Ducati Meccanica]] from 1952 to 1958. The ''

...aterial]]:frame of mixed: square, round and rectangular tubes in special [[steel]] ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar stabilizing, [[camber]] adjust

...pringing medium is approximately six times more flexible than conventional steel, so [[self-leveling suspension|self-leveling]] is incorporated to allow the While the system has inherent advantages over steel springs, generally recognized in the auto industry, it also has an element

...duction of other models, including its armoured vehicles, is scheduled for Spring/Summer 2001. The bodywork is styled by the automotive stylist Thomas Tjaard For safety, Laforza offers an 18-gauge steel body, a rugged box-ladder frame, European touring sedan handling and a tech

* Structure and [[material]]: frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843 ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar Account

...aterial]]:frame of mixed round and rectangular oval section tubes, special steel: ...nt, triangles overlapping with [[shock]] hydraulic telescopic tilted and [[spring | springs]] cylindrical helical coaxial; bar stabilizing, [[camber]] record

...rotection against the stones and a [[reflector]] rear. The suspensions to spring took again from an esthetic point of view the typical look of the hydraulic

...to be compressed in the area where the tire contacts the road surface and spring back to its original shape under high-frequency cycles. Typical components ...oated with special alloys of [[bronze]] or [[brass]]. Coatings protect the steel from corrosion. Copper in the alloy and [[sulfur]] in the rubber cross-link

* ''Coupe 1600HF'' - 2nd Series - Face-lifted all steel body with 1584&nbsp;cc engine producing 115 hp at 6000&nbsp;rpm. The body w ...with front fog lamps and no bumbers but were fitted with the standard 4.5J steel wheels of the standard 1.3 Coupe.

...and more cost-effective, alloy or fiberglass coachwork, the Grand Prix was steel-bodied,save for a few small panels which were rendered in fiberglass. The b ...design is a bit unusual with upper [[A-arm]]s and a lower tranverse [[leaf spring]] up front and semi-trailing arms and [[coil springs]] out back. Front and

'''Suspension''' is the term given to the system of [[spring (device)|springs]], [[shock absorber]]s and [[Linkage (mechanical)|linkages ...rings were not only made of metal, a sturdy tree branch could be used as a spring such as with a bow. Early suspension devices were developed for [[stagecoac

...me chassis and had a [[double wishbone]] suspension with transverse [[leaf spring]]s in front with a [[live axle]] in the rear. Hydraulic power [[drum brake

The '''Ducati GT1000''' uses a similar steel tubular trellis frame to the Paul Smart and the Sport1000, and the same Des ...ed on a beefy 60&nbsp;mm section swingarm. Wide Excel 17&nbsp;inch chromed steel (36 spoke) rims are laced with thick 4.4&nbsp;mm spokes to silver painted a

...and Rolle, founded a company, [[Giuseppe & C. Obert]], specializes in hot steel molding and machining. The company is fine, it zooms by acquiring other wor ...family, it was a 16/24 HP engine with four cylinders and valves controlled steel, cooling water, clutch disc, change to four and reverse gears, transmission

...ious name of the B200 Spring Lasting (don't ask!). This featured a pressed-steel frame and an egg-shaped engine with finned horizontal cylinders and vertica ...he pushrod four-stroke models), and reinforces it with his own [[tubular]] steel bracing, which effectively constitutes a subframe attached to the main stru

...und damping; Rear suspension: dual dampers, 3.8 in. travel, adjustable for spring preload, rebound damping; Fuel capacity: 4.9 gal; Handlebar width: 31.3 in. ...le stainless steel 282 mm fixed disc with Brembo 2 piston caliper; Wheels: Steel spoke rims, Front: 2.50" x 18"

...re manufactured from [[synthetic rubber]], however other materials such as steel may be used. ...ticularly when the tire is being mounted, there are a number of concentric steel wires buried inside the rubber at both inner edges of the tire. This inner

...of an [[independent suspension]] (the front [[sliding pillar]] with [[coil spring]]s). Lancia even invented a [[shock absorber]] for the car. Approximately 1 ...ad put on a high-performance car. What he envisioned eventually became the steel monocoque, also known today as unibody construction used in almost every mo

...anges more riguardarono l '[[crankshaft]] which was replaced with one in [[steel]], [[piston (mechanical) | pistons]] the [[camshaft | camshafts]], the pump * Structure and [[material]]: a frame of elliptical section tubes, special [[steel]] aeronautics derivation; patent No. 499843

...ut the chassis with independent front suspension using a transverse [[leaf spring]] and [[wishbone]]s and neat packaging was a big advance, with the engine l ...d 1000 [[pounds sterling]]. The [[space frame]] chassis was designed using steel tubes and the body consisted of light alloy panels - this was the famous [[

...typical of its day. The body was a monocoque type, made of conventional [[steel]]. [[Automotive design|Designed]] and styled on the typical "three-box" de ...[Carburetor|carburettor]], fed from a [[Trunk (automobile)|trunk]] mounted steel [[fuel tank]]. Traditional [[contact breaker]] [[ignition system]]s were u

"During the restoration process it was found that the Farina Jupiters steel body was hand-made with at least 50 small separate sections butt-welded wit ...r removal of the sills that there was a type of rusty Willmot Breedon coil spring mechanisum built in: after dismantling they were found to assist the door o

...Spring had the 843cc engine from the Fiat 850, with 36bhp. Physically, the Spring had a [[wheelbase]] of 2027mm and a weight of 720kg. A maximum speed of 125 ...64 in. wide and 153 in. long. The [[wheelbase]] is 95 ½ in. The wheels are steel centers with alloy rims. Interestingly, the [[frame]] construction and fill

** [[Spring Mountain Motorsports Park]], [[Pahrump, Nevada]] * Region 39 (Steel Cities)

...ensive bikes which use rims made of [[aluminum]] alloys than on those with steel rims. They are also prone to clogging with mud, particularly when [[mountai ...t collar and expanding it against the shell. The braking surface is often steel, and the braking element brass or phosphor-bronze, as in the UK Birmingham

...or frame) of a motorcycle is typically made from welded [[aluminium]] or [[steel]] (or an [[alloy]]) struts, with the rear [[suspension]] being an integral ...il reservoir. The wheel rims are usually steel or aluminum (generally with steel spokes and an aluminium hub) or 'mag' type [[casting|cast]] or [[machining|

Carrozzeria Touring was in financial trouble when the Giulia Spring GTC went into production. The company went out of business shortly after pr * Stainless steel bumpers, as opposed to the chromed mild steel bumpers on the Giulia Sprint GT. The bumpers are the same shape, but made

...is of type double beam, but is redesigned and made in aluminum instead of steel, is also redesigned the rear frame is now screwed and not soldered to the f ...to 120 mm, losing the valuable and useful adjustment of preload and the [[Spring]] of the stem of the left (reserved only for the models SP or ordered by ki

...ar the new air intake, and the rubber rear spoiler. They also have stiffer spring rates. Lancia produced 1272 Coupé VX, 2370 HPE VX and 3900 Trevi VX. Most Unfortunately a combination of poor quality steel (allegedly Russian steel supplied to Fiat in return for building the Lada factory according to diver

...nk velocipede of the Lallement/Michaux type, however, despite McCall's all steel version of 1869. ...wheel hub, and a thin piece of iron over the top of the frame to act as a spring supporting the seat, for a slightly more comfortable ride.

...o De Martino at start of the Coppa Vesuvio, Naples, hillclimb event in the spring 1959. Standing behind the Autosud is Gioacchino Rosa Rosa.''' [http://www.a ...so Ciro and Gioacchino were experts at welding various types and sizes of steel tubes.

*Front and rear half elliptic leaf spring suspension ...come to a stop from high speeds. The chassis, made of heavy gauge stamped steel, had a standard [[wheelbase]] of 145.6 inches but could be stretched up to

...atured 'Sliding Pillar' independent front suspension that incorporated the spring and hydraulic damper into a single unit (and featured on most production La ...tion was not helped by widespread rumours of Fiat and Lancia using Russian steel.

After all, the structure of the car is constituted from a steel platform (reinforced by means of a cruise to “X)” with box-shielded lat ...urface of [[the brake to tamburo|tamburi]] (in [[aluminum]] and inserti of steel rougher and dark) and dealing particularly the fluid of the circuit so as t

...e 1987&nbsp;cc [[Alfa Romeo P2|P2]], with common crankcase and four plated steel two cylinder blocks, which won the first World Championship ever in 1925. A ...incorporated supercharging from inception. The alloy cylinder blocks (with steel cylinder liners) were cast in 4-cylinder units carried on an alloy [[crankc

...tp://www.autocar.co.uk/news_article.asp?na_id=218805 link]), going on sale spring this year. ...to accommodate the feeding of the oil cooler. The car's body is made up of steel and carbon fiber, while underneath a revised suspension has been added to k

...le all Cloverleaf models were fitted with [[Bilstein]] units with a higher spring-rate. ...uild quality over previous Alfas, featuring [[Galvanization | galvanised]] steel frame for the first time, ending the most common complaint by Alfa custome

...Their creation, which came to be called the "Boneshaker", featured a heavy steel frame on which they mounted wooden wheels with iron tires. Lallement emigra ...Schwinn Bicycle Company|Schwinn]] bicycles soon featured widened tires and spring-cushioned, padded seats, sacrificing a certain amount of efficiency for inc

...and the stench of rotting cattle. Trees which had begun to look forward to spring became instead blackened, ragged stumps, their twisted branches pushed to t ...ad of 367.5mm The forks were spaced to take 28mm tyres. The sprockets were steel rather than alloy and the steerer column was cut 5mm higher than usual to r

...cle)|suspension]], though many other systems were still in use, with angle steel taking over from armored wood as the frame material of choice. [[transmissi

...o put a laser dot on the moon, but at very close range able to cut through steel. This laser was later used to cut open the vault of Fort Knox. This film sh ...ed in a normal looking credit card with a removable strip that activates a spring-loaded multifunction lock pick.

...deposited approximately two months after the Nozzle passing monsù, in the spring of 1937, for `' one new valve distribution in head tilted, commant from a s ...of the crank hinges and the adoption of connecting rods in printed special steel instead that in [[duralluminio]]) the widening of the rear window and the a

...immediately. In the early years there were around 20 races held from late Spring to early Autumn (Fall) in Europe, although not all of these were considered ...ty alongside [[Red Bull Racing]]. Jordan had been bought by Russo-Canadian steel company Midland early in 2005 and was renamed [[Midland F1]] for the 2006 s

...ng; bus: Lines 2A or 3A, alight at Hofburg. Walking towards the Hofburg in spring, the alley is resplendent with pale purple lilacs which draw one’s eye to ...n. The ceremonial front entrance is separate from the functional glass and steel exhibit hall in back. Entrance fee included with entrance to Belvedere Pala