Difference between revisions of "Mille Miglia"

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The '''Mille Miglia''' (Thousand miles) was an open-road endurance [[racing|race]] which took place in [[Italy]] twenty-four times from [[1927]] to [[1957]], thirteen before the war and eleven from 1947.
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{{X}}
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The '''Mille Miglia''' (Thousand [[Mile]]s) was an open-road endurance [[racing|race]] which took place in [[Italy]] twenty-four times from [[1927]] to [[1957]] (thirteen before the war, eleven from 1947).
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 +
Like the older [[Targa Florio]] and later the [[Carrera Panamericana]], the ''MM'' made ''[[Gran Turismo]]'' (Grand Touring) sports cars like [[Alfa Romeo]], [[Ferrari]] (which debuted as a marque in the 1940 event), [[Maserati]] and also [[Porsche]] famous.
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 +
[[Image:Mille-Miglia-Arrow.png|thumb|right|Mille Miglia road sign]]
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 +
 
 +
==Car numbering==
 +
Unlike modern day [[World Rally Championship|rallying]] where cars are released at one minute intervals with the larger professional class cars going before the slower cars, in the Mille Miglia the smaller displacement slower cars started first. This made organisation simpler as marshalls did not have to be on duty for as long a period and it minimised the period that roads had to be closed. Cars were assigned numbers according to their start time. For example, the 1955 Moss/Jenkinson car, #722, left Brescia at 7:22 AM (see below), while the first cars had started at 9 PM the previous day. In the early days of the race even winners needed 16 hours or more, so most competitors had to start before midnight and arrived after dusk - if at all.
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[[Image:1938 Alfa Romeo 6C 2300B Mille Miglia Spyder 186635948.jpg|thumb|[[Alfa Romeo 6C]] 2300B Mille Miglia Spider, 1938]]
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 +
== Before the war ==
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 +
The race was established by the young ''Contes'' Aymo Maggi and Franco Mazzotti, apparently in response to their home town of [[Brescia]] 'losing' the [[Italian Grand Prix]] to Monza. Together with a group of wealthy associates, they chose a race from Brescia to [[Rome]] and back, a figure-eight shaped course of roughly 1500 km - or a thousand [[Roman mile]]s. Later races followed twelve other routes with varying total lengths.
 +
 
 +
The first race started on [[26 March]] [[1927]] with around seventy-five starters - all Italian. The winner completed the course in just under 21 hours 5 minutes; local marque [[Officine Meccaniche|OM]] swept the top three places.
 +
 
 +
Similar to modern day [[World Rally Championship|rally]]ing, cars were started one by one, every minute. As number, the starting time was painted on the cars, as an easy indication of performance. As even winners needed 16 hours or more at the time, most competitors had to start before midnight and arrived after dawn - if at all.
 +
 
 +
One of the most remarkable events in racing history was recorded at the 1930 ''MM''. After the legendary [[Tazio Nuvolari]] passed several other contenders and caught up to the last remaining challenger in front, he turned off his headlights at [[Peschiera]] and followed [[Achille Varzi]]'s tail lamps. Nuvolari would (miraculously) survive, and win.
  
 
[[Image:BorzacchiniCampariNuvolari.jpg|thumb| [[Baconin Borzacchini|Borzacchini]], [[Giuseppe Campari|Campari]] and [[Tazio Nuvolari|Nuvolari]]. Each a winner of the Mille Miglia]]
 
[[Image:BorzacchiniCampariNuvolari.jpg|thumb| [[Baconin Borzacchini|Borzacchini]], [[Giuseppe Campari|Campari]] and [[Tazio Nuvolari|Nuvolari]]. Each a winner of the Mille Miglia]]
  
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The race was established by the young Contes Aymo Maggi and Franco Mazzotti, apparently in response to their home-town of [[Brescia]] 'losing' the Italian Grand Prix. Together with a group of wealthy associates a race from Brescia to [[Rome]] and back was chosen, a figure-of-eight of roughly 1,500 km - a thousand roman miles. Later races followed twelve other courses. The first race was on [[March 26]]-27, 1927 with around seventy-five starters - all Italian. The winner completed the course in just under 21 hours, 5 minutes.
+
The event was usually dominated by local Italian drivers and marques, but 3 races were won by foreign cars, all of them German. In 1931, [[Rudolf Caracciola]] (famous in [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] racing) and onboard mechanic [[Wilhelm Sebastian]] won with their big supercharged [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-Benz SSK]]. It was also the first of 3 wins for a foreign driver as Caracciola was German, despite his name. The win was a surprise as Caracciola had received very little support from the factory due to the economic crisis at that time. He did not have enough mechanics to man all necessary service points. After performing a pit stop, they had to hurry across Italy, cutting the triangle-shaped course short in order to arrive in time before the race car.
 +
 
 +
The race was briefly stopped by [[Mussolini]] after an accident in 1938 killed a number of spectators. When it resumed in 1940 during war time, it was dubbed the Grand Prix of Brescia, and held on a 100km short course in the plains of Northern Italy that was lapped 9 times.
 +
This event saw the debut of the [[Ferrari]] marque (with the [[Ferrari Tipo 815|Tipo 815]]). Despite being populated (due to the circumstances even more than usual) mainly by Italian makers, it was the aerodynamically improved [[BMW 328]] driven by Germans [[Huschke von Hanstein]]/[[Walter Baumer]] that won the high-speed race at an all-time high average of 166 km/h.
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[[Image:MillaMap.jpg|150px|left]]
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== Post-war ==
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 +
The Italians continued to dominate their race after the war, now again on a single big lap through Italy. Mercedes made another good effort in 1952 with the underpowered original [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SL]] ''Gullwing'', scoring second with the German crew [[Karl Kling]]/[[Hans Klenk]] that later in the year would win the [[Carrera Panamericana]]. Caracciola, in a comeback attempt, crashed.
  
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The race was stopped by [[Mussolini]] after an accident in 1938 killed a number of spectators.
+
Few other non-Italians managed podium finishes in the 1950s, among them [[Juan Manuel Fangio]], [[Peter Collins (racing driver)|Peter Collins]] and [[Wolfgang von Trips]]. In 1955, Mercedes made another attempt at winning the MM, this time with careful preparation and a more powerful car, the [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR]] which was based on the Formula One car ([[Mercedes-Benz W196]]), not the other sports cars named [[Mercedes-Benz 300SL]].
 +
Both young German [[Hans Herrmann]] (who had a remarkable previous efforts with [[Porsche]]) as well as British [[Stirling Moss]] relied on the support of navigators while [[Juan Manuel Fangio]] (car #658) preferred to drive alone as usual as he considered road races dangerous since his co-pilot was killed in South America. Karl Kling also drove alone, in the fourth Mercedes, #701.
  
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[[Stirling Moss]] set the course record in [[1955]] in under 10 hours, 8 minutes, driving a [[Mercedes-Benz]] 300 SLR roadster. Moss and navigator Denis Jenkinson ran a reconnaissance lap beforehand, and Jenkins made course notes on a scroll of paper 15 feet long that he read from and gave directions to Moss during the race by a coded system of hand signals. (Although this assistance undoubtedly helped the win, Moss' innate ability was clearly the predominant factor. Indeed, it should be noted that Moss was competing against drivers with a large amount of local knowledge [of the route], so the reconnaissance lap was considered an equaliser, rather than an advantage.)
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Similar to his teammates, Moss and his navigator, motor race journalist [[Denis Jenkinson]], ran a total of six reconnaissance laps beforehand, enabling "Jenks" to make course notes (pace notes) on a scroll of paper 15 feet long that he read from and gave directions to Moss during the race by a coded system of hand signals. Although this undoubtedly helped them, Moss's innate ability was clearly the predominant factor. Indeed, it should be noted that Moss was competing against drivers with a large amount of local knowledge of the route, so the reconnaissance laps were considered an equaliser, rather than an advantage.
  
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After a fatal crash in 1957 that took the lives of two drivers and eleven spectators, the race was banned.
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Car #704 with [[Hans Herrmann]] and Hermann Eger was said to be fastest in the early stages, though. Herrmann already had a remarkable race in 1954, when the gate on a railroad crossing were lowered in the last moment before the fast train to Rome passed. Driving a very low [[Porsche 550]] Spyder, Herrmann decided it was too late for a brake attempt anyway, knocked on the back of the helmet of his navigator [[Herbert Linge]] to make him duck, and they barely [http://www.solitude-memorial.de/id15carrera.htm passed below the gates] and before the train, to the surprise of the spectators. Herrmann was less lucky in 1955 as he had to abandon the race after a brake failure. Kling crashed also.
  
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The MM made [[Gran Turismo]] (Grand Touring) sports cars like [[Ferrari]] and [[Porsche]] famous.
+
After 10h07'48", Moss/Jenkinson arrived in Brescia in their [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR]] with the now famous #722, setting the event record at an average of 159,65 km/h which was fastest ever on this 1597km variant of the course, not to be beaten in the remaining two years. Fangio arrived a few minutes later in the #658 car, but having started 24min earlier, it actually took him about 30 minutes longer.
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== The end ==
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[[Image:Memorial MM.jpg|thumb|right|Memorial to victims of Mille Miglia where the fatal crash happened]]
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The race was banned after a fatal crash in 1957 that took the lives of driver [[Alfonso de Portago]], his co-driver/navigator Edmund Nelson, and eleven spectators, at the village of [[Guidizzolo]]. The crash was probably caused by a blown tire. The manufacturer was blamed and sued for this, as was the Ferrari team, which, in order to save time, had not changed tires.
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 +
From 1958 to 1961, the event resumed as a [[World Rally Championship|Rallying]]-like round trip at legal speeds with a few special stages driven at full speed, but this was discontinued also.
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Since 1977, the name was revived as the ''Mille Miglia Storica'', a parade for pre-1957 cars that takes several days, which also spawned the 2007 documentary film ''[[Mille Miglia - The Spirit of a Legend]]''.
  
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Since 1977, the name was revived as the ''Mille Miglia Storica'', a parade for pre-1957 cars.
 
  
 
==Mille Miglia winners==
 
==Mille Miglia winners==
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*1957 : [[Piero Taruffi]] - [[Ferrari]]
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{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%" border=1 cellpadding=3
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**[[Charlie Lohmander]]/[[Harald Kronegård]] - [[Saab 93]] (Turismo Preparato 750cc)
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|- tr BGCOLOR="darkred"
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*1956 : [[Eugenio Castellotti]] - Ferrari
+
!Year
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*1955 : [[Stirling Moss]] / [[Denis Jenkinson]] - [[Mercedes-Benz]]
+
!Drivers
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*1954 : [[Alberto Ascari]] - [[Lancia]]
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!Car
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*1953 : [[Giannino Marzotto]] / [[Marco Crosara]] - [[Ferrari 250]]
+
|-
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*1952 : [[Giovanni Bracco]] / [[Alfonso Rolfo]] - Ferrari 250
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|1957
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*1951 : [[Luigi Villoresi]] / [[Pasquale Cassani]] - [[Ferrari 212]]
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Piero Taruffi]]
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*1950 : [[Giannino Marzotto]] / [[Marco Crosara]] - [[Ferrari 166]]/[[Ferrari 195|195]]
+
|[[Ferrari]] 315 Sport
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*1949 : [[Clemente Biondetti]] / [[Ettore Salani]] - Ferrari 166
+
|-
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*1948 : [[Clemente Biondetti]] / [[Giuseppe Navone]] - Ferrari 166
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|1956
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*1947   : [[Clemente Biondetti]] / [[Giuseppe Navone]] - [[Ferrari 125]]
+
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Eugenio Castellotti]]
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*1940 : [[Huschke von Hanstein]] / [[Walter Baumer]] - [[BMW]]
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|Ferrari 290 MM Spider Scaglietti
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*1939 : [[Ercole Boratto]] / [[Consalvo Sanesi]] - [[Alfa Romeo]]
+
|-
−
*1938 : [[Clemente Biondetti]] / [[Aldo Stefani]] - Alfa Romeo
+
|1955
−
*1937 : [[Carlo Pintacuda]] / [[Paride Mambelli]] - Alfa Romeo
+
|{{flagiconUK}} [[Stirling Moss]] <br /> {{flagiconUK}} [[Denis Jenkinson]]
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*1936 : [[Antonio Brivio]] / [[Carlo Ongaro]] - Alfa Romeo
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|[[Mercedes-Benz 300SLR]]
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*1935 : [[Carlo Pintacuda]] / [[Alessandro Della Stufa]] -Alfa Romeo
+
|-
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*1934 : [[Achille Varzi]] / [[Amadeo Bignami]] - Alfa Romeo
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|1954
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*1933 : [[Tazio Nuvolari]] / [[Achille Compagnoni]] - Alfa Romeo
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Alberto Ascari]]
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*1932 : [[Baconin Borzacchini]] / [[Amadeo Bignami]] - Alfa Romeo
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|[[Lancia]] D24 Spider
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*1931 : [[Rudolf Caracciola]] / [[Wilhelm Sebastian]] - Mercedes-Benz
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|-
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*1930 : [[Tazio Nuvolari]] / [[Battista Guidotti]] - Alfa Romeo
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|1953
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*1929 : [[Giuseppe Campari]] / [[Guilio Ramponi]] - Alfa Romeo
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Giannino Marzotto]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Marco Crosara]]
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*1928 : [[Giuseppe Campari]] / [[Guilio Ramponi]] - Alfa Romeo
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|[[Ferrari 340|Ferrari 340 M.M. Spider Vignale]]
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*1927 : [[Ferdinando Minoia]] / [[Giuseppe Morandi]] - [[Officine Meccaniche|OM]]
+
|-
 +
|1952
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Giovanni Bracco]] <br /> {{flagicon Italy }} [[Alfonso Rolfo]]
 +
|[[Ferrari 250#250 S|Ferrari 250 S Berlinetta Vignale]]
 +
|-
 +
|1951
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Luigi Villoresi]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Pasquale Cassani]]
 +
|[[Ferrari America|Ferrari 340 America Berlinetta Vignale]]
 +
|-
 +
|1950
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Giannino Marzotto]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Marco Crosara]]
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|[[Ferrari 195|Ferrari 195 S Berlinetta Touring]]
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|-
 +
|1949
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Clemente Biondetti]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Ettore Salani]]
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|[[Ferrari 166 S|Ferrari 166 MM Barchetta Touring]]
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|-
 +
|1948
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Clemente Biondetti]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Giuseppe Navone]]
 +
|[[Ferrari 166 S|Ferrari 166 S Coupe Allemano]]
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|-
 +
|1947
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Clemente Biondetti]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Emilio Romano]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 B Berlinetta Touring]]
 +
|-
 +
|1941-46
 +
|colspan=2|no races held due to [[World War II]]
 +
|-
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|1940
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|{{flagiconGermany }} [[Huschke von Hanstein]] <br /> {{flagiconGermany|Nazi}} [[Walter Baumer]]
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|[[BMW 328|BMW 328 Berlinetta Touring]]
 +
|-
 +
|1939
 +
|colspan=2|no race held
 +
|-
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|1938
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Clemente Biondetti]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Aldo Stefani]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B Spider M.M. Touring]]
 +
|-
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|1937
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Carlo Maria Pintacuda]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Paride Mambelli]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2900A]]
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|-
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|1936
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Antonio Brivio]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Carlo Ongaro]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2900A]]
 +
|-
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|1935
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Carlo Maria Pintacuda]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Alessandro Della Stufa]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 2900 Tipo B]]
 +
|-
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|1934
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Achille Varzi]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Amedeo Bignami]]
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|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2600 Monza Spider Brianza]]
 +
|-
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|1933
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Tazio Nuvolari]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Decimo Compagnoni]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 spider Zagato]]
 +
|-
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|1932
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Baconin Borzacchini]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Amedeo Bignami]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 8C|Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 Spider Touring]]
 +
|-
 +
|1931
 +
|{{flagiconGermany}} [[Rudolf Caracciola]] <br /> {{flagiconGermany}} [[Wilhelm Sebastian]]
 +
|[[Mercedes-Benz SSK]]
 +
|-
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|1930
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Tazio Nuvolari]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Battista Guidotti]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 GS spider Zagato]]
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|-
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|1929
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Giuseppe Campari]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Giulio Ramponi]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 SS spider Zagato]]
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|-
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|1928
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|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Giuseppe Campari]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Giulio Ramponi]]
 +
|[[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 Sport Spider Zagato]]
 +
|-
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|1927
 +
|{{flagiconItaly}} [[Ferdinando Minoia]] <br /> {{flagiconItaly}} [[Giuseppe Morandi]]
 +
|[[Officine Meccaniche|OM]] 665 S
 +
|}
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==Name usage==
 +
Mille Miglia is also the name of [[Alitalia]]'s frequent flyer program.
 +
 
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Mille Miglia is also the name of a jacket, named after the race, inspired by the 1920's racewear and designed by [[Massimo Osti]] for his [[CP Company]] clothing label. The garment features goggles built into the hood and originally also had a small circular window in the sleeve enabling the wearer to see their watch. The jackets have been for a long period and are still popular with [[United Kingdom|British]] [[football (soccer)|football]] [[casuals]].
 +
 
 +
As a sponsor and timekeeper of the Storica event, the event have lent its name and its trademark logo to [[Chopard]] for a series of sport watches. Also for promotions, shots from the event is used.
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==The Mille Miglia today==
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In 1982 the Mille Miglia endurance race was revived as a road rally event. Nowadays,timing rather than speed is of the essence for the enthusiasts from around the world who race their vintage cars, dating from 1927 to 1957.  This magnificent parade of classic machines has earned the Mille Miglia the reputation of being the "the most beautiful road race in the world". Every May, Brescia becomes the meeting place for the rich, famous and passionate as they prepare to do battle over 1,600 miles of Italian roads. The event is closely followed by the press and immortalized every year by one of world's most respected photographers, Giacomo Bretzel, whose images so perfectly communicate the intensity, the emotion and the spirit of the moment.
 +
The history of the Mille Miglia is traced in all its glory, from yesteryear to the present day, at the Mille Miglia Museum, Brescia. This collection is a must for all amateurs of the automobile and its history and includes a fine collection of books and photographic works.
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 +
 
 +
==Mille Miglia Storica results==
 +
 
 +
[[Image:Millemiglia2006.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Bandini 750 sport siluro]] in Mille Miglia 2006]]
 +
[[Image:ALFA ROMEO 6C 1750 GS.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Marx/Donà with [[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 Gran Sport]] in 2008 Mille Miglia.]]
 +
* 1977 : Hepp / Bauer - [[Alfa Romeo RL|Alfa Romeo RLSS]] - 1927
 +
* 1982 : Bacchi / Montanari - [[O.S.C.A]] MT 4 - 1956
 +
* 1984 : Palazzani / Campana - [[Automobili Stanguellini|Stanguellini]] 1100 S - 1947 
 +
* 1986 : Schildbach / Netzer - Mercedes-Benz SSK - 1929
 +
* 1987 : Nannini / Marin - [[Maserati 200S|Maserati 200 SI]] - 1957
 +
* 1988 : Rollino / Gaslini - Fiat 1100 S MM - 1948
 +
* 1989 : Valseriati / Favero - [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SL]] - 1955
 +
* 1990 : Agnelli / Cavallari - [[Cisitalia|Cisitalia]] 202 SC - 1950
 +
* 1991 : Panizza / Pisanelli - Renault 750 Sport - 1954
 +
* 1992 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - [[BMW 507]] - 1957
 +
* 1993 : Vesco / Bocelli - Cisitalia 202 SC - 1948
 +
* 1994 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - [[Lancia Aurelia]] B 20 - 1957
 +
* 1995 : Ferrari / Salza - [[Abarth]] 750 Zagato - 1957
 +
* 1996 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - [[BMW 328]] MM - 1937
 +
* 1997 : Valseriati / Sabbadini - Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Pr - 1952
 +
* 1998 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM - 1937
 +
* 1999 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Auteri - Ferrari 340 MM - 1953
 +
* 2000 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM - 1937
 +
* 2001 : Sisti / Bernini - [[Donald Healey Motor Company|Healey]] Silverstone - 1950
 +
* 2002 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 Touring - 1940
 +
* 2003 : {{flagiconArgentina}} Sielecki / Hervas - [[Bugatti|Bugatti]] T 23 Brescia - 1923
 +
* 2004 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM Coupè
 +
* 2005 : {{flagiconItaly}} Viaro / De Marco - [[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 S]] - 1928
 +
* 2006 : {{flagiconItaly}} Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM Coupè
 +
* 2007 : {{flagiconItaly}} Viaro / Bergamaschi - [[Alfa Romeo 6C|Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 S]] - 1928
 +
* 2008 : {{flagiconItaly}} Luciano and Antonio Viaro - Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 Super Sport - 1928
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==See also==
 +
 
 +
[[List of major automobile races in Italy]]
  
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See also: [[List of major automobile races in Italy]]
 
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
*[http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/miglia.htm Grand Prix History], Mille Miglia
 
*[http://www.ddavid.com/formula1/miglia.htm Grand Prix History], Mille Miglia
−
* http://www.millemiglia.it/
+
* http://www.1000miglia.eu/
  
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[[Category:Auto racing]]
+
[[Category:Auto races]]

Latest revision as of 08:01, 8 October 2009


The Mille Miglia (Thousand Miles) was an open-road endurance race which took place in Italy twenty-four times from 1927 to 1957 (thirteen before the war, eleven from 1947).

Like the older Targa Florio and later the Carrera Panamericana, the MM made Gran Turismo (Grand Touring) sports cars like Alfa Romeo, Ferrari (which debuted as a marque in the 1940 event), Maserati and also Porsche famous.

Mille Miglia road sign


Car numbering

Unlike modern day rallying where cars are released at one minute intervals with the larger professional class cars going before the slower cars, in the Mille Miglia the smaller displacement slower cars started first. This made organisation simpler as marshalls did not have to be on duty for as long a period and it minimised the period that roads had to be closed. Cars were assigned numbers according to their start time. For example, the 1955 Moss/Jenkinson car, #722, left Brescia at 7:22 AM (see below), while the first cars had started at 9 PM the previous day. In the early days of the race even winners needed 16 hours or more, so most competitors had to start before midnight and arrived after dusk - if at all.

Alfa Romeo 6C 2300B Mille Miglia Spider, 1938

Before the war

The race was established by the young Contes Aymo Maggi and Franco Mazzotti, apparently in response to their home town of Brescia 'losing' the Italian Grand Prix to Monza. Together with a group of wealthy associates, they chose a race from Brescia to Rome and back, a figure-eight shaped course of roughly 1500 km - or a thousand Roman miles. Later races followed twelve other routes with varying total lengths.

The first race started on 26 March 1927 with around seventy-five starters - all Italian. The winner completed the course in just under 21 hours 5 minutes; local marque OM swept the top three places.

Similar to modern day rallying, cars were started one by one, every minute. As number, the starting time was painted on the cars, as an easy indication of performance. As even winners needed 16 hours or more at the time, most competitors had to start before midnight and arrived after dawn - if at all.

One of the most remarkable events in racing history was recorded at the 1930 MM. After the legendary Tazio Nuvolari passed several other contenders and caught up to the last remaining challenger in front, he turned off his headlights at Peschiera and followed Achille Varzi's tail lamps. Nuvolari would (miraculously) survive, and win.

File:BorzacchiniCampariNuvolari.jpg
Borzacchini, Campari and Nuvolari. Each a winner of the Mille Miglia

The event was usually dominated by local Italian drivers and marques, but 3 races were won by foreign cars, all of them German. In 1931, Rudolf Caracciola (famous in Grand Prix racing) and onboard mechanic Wilhelm Sebastian won with their big supercharged Mercedes-Benz SSK. It was also the first of 3 wins for a foreign driver as Caracciola was German, despite his name. The win was a surprise as Caracciola had received very little support from the factory due to the economic crisis at that time. He did not have enough mechanics to man all necessary service points. After performing a pit stop, they had to hurry across Italy, cutting the triangle-shaped course short in order to arrive in time before the race car.

The race was briefly stopped by Mussolini after an accident in 1938 killed a number of spectators. When it resumed in 1940 during war time, it was dubbed the Grand Prix of Brescia, and held on a 100km short course in the plains of Northern Italy that was lapped 9 times. This event saw the debut of the Ferrari marque (with the Tipo 815). Despite being populated (due to the circumstances even more than usual) mainly by Italian makers, it was the aerodynamically improved BMW 328 driven by Germans Huschke von Hanstein/Walter Baumer that won the high-speed race at an all-time high average of 166 km/h.

150px

Post-war

The Italians continued to dominate their race after the war, now again on a single big lap through Italy. Mercedes made another good effort in 1952 with the underpowered original Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Gullwing, scoring second with the German crew Karl Kling/Hans Klenk that later in the year would win the Carrera Panamericana. Caracciola, in a comeback attempt, crashed.

Few other non-Italians managed podium finishes in the 1950s, among them Juan Manuel Fangio, Peter Collins and Wolfgang von Trips. In 1955, Mercedes made another attempt at winning the MM, this time with careful preparation and a more powerful car, the Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR which was based on the Formula One car (Mercedes-Benz W196), not the other sports cars named Mercedes-Benz 300SL. Both young German Hans Herrmann (who had a remarkable previous efforts with Porsche) as well as British Stirling Moss relied on the support of navigators while Juan Manuel Fangio (car #658) preferred to drive alone as usual as he considered road races dangerous since his co-pilot was killed in South America. Karl Kling also drove alone, in the fourth Mercedes, #701.

Similar to his teammates, Moss and his navigator, motor race journalist Denis Jenkinson, ran a total of six reconnaissance laps beforehand, enabling "Jenks" to make course notes (pace notes) on a scroll of paper 15 feet long that he read from and gave directions to Moss during the race by a coded system of hand signals. Although this undoubtedly helped them, Moss's innate ability was clearly the predominant factor. Indeed, it should be noted that Moss was competing against drivers with a large amount of local knowledge of the route, so the reconnaissance laps were considered an equaliser, rather than an advantage.

Car #704 with Hans Herrmann and Hermann Eger was said to be fastest in the early stages, though. Herrmann already had a remarkable race in 1954, when the gate on a railroad crossing were lowered in the last moment before the fast train to Rome passed. Driving a very low Porsche 550 Spyder, Herrmann decided it was too late for a brake attempt anyway, knocked on the back of the helmet of his navigator Herbert Linge to make him duck, and they barely passed below the gates and before the train, to the surprise of the spectators. Herrmann was less lucky in 1955 as he had to abandon the race after a brake failure. Kling crashed also.

After 10h07'48", Moss/Jenkinson arrived in Brescia in their Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR with the now famous #722, setting the event record at an average of 159,65 km/h which was fastest ever on this 1597km variant of the course, not to be beaten in the remaining two years. Fangio arrived a few minutes later in the #658 car, but having started 24min earlier, it actually took him about 30 minutes longer.

The end

Memorial to victims of Mille Miglia where the fatal crash happened

The race was banned after a fatal crash in 1957 that took the lives of driver Alfonso de Portago, his co-driver/navigator Edmund Nelson, and eleven spectators, at the village of Guidizzolo. The crash was probably caused by a blown tire. The manufacturer was blamed and sued for this, as was the Ferrari team, which, in order to save time, had not changed tires.

From 1958 to 1961, the event resumed as a Rallying-like round trip at legal speeds with a few special stages driven at full speed, but this was discontinued also.

Since 1977, the name was revived as the Mille Miglia Storica, a parade for pre-1957 cars that takes several days, which also spawned the 2007 documentary film Mille Miglia - The Spirit of a Legend.


Mille Miglia winners

Year Drivers Car
1957 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Piero Taruffi Ferrari 315 Sport
1956 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Eugenio Castellotti Ferrari 290 MM Spider Scaglietti
1955 22px-Flag of the United Kingdom.png Stirling Moss
22px-Flag of the United Kingdom.png Denis Jenkinson 		Mercedes-Benz 300SLR
1954 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Alberto Ascari Lancia D24 Spider
1953 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giannino Marzotto
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Marco Crosara 		Ferrari 340 M.M. Spider Vignale
1952 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giovanni Bracco
Template:Flagicon Italy Alfonso Rolfo 		Ferrari 250 S Berlinetta Vignale
1951 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Luigi Villoresi
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Pasquale Cassani 		Ferrari 340 America Berlinetta Vignale
1950 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giannino Marzotto
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Marco Crosara 		Ferrari 195 S Berlinetta Touring
1949 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Clemente Biondetti
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Ettore Salani 		Ferrari 166 MM Barchetta Touring
1948 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Clemente Biondetti
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giuseppe Navone 		Ferrari 166 S Coupe Allemano
1947 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Clemente Biondetti
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Emilio Romano 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2900 B Berlinetta Touring
1941-46 no races held due to World War II
1940 22px-Flag of Germany.png Huschke von Hanstein
22px-Flag of Germany.png Walter Baumer 		BMW 328 Berlinetta Touring
1939 no race held
1938 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Clemente Biondetti
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Aldo Stefani 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2900B Spider M.M. Touring
1937 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Carlo Maria Pintacuda
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Paride Mambelli 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2900A
1936 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Antonio Brivio
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Carlo Ongaro 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2900A
1935 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Carlo Maria Pintacuda
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Alessandro Della Stufa 		Alfa Romeo 2900 Tipo B
1934 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Achille Varzi
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Amedeo Bignami 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2600 Monza Spider Brianza
1933 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Tazio Nuvolari
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Decimo Compagnoni 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 spider Zagato
1932 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Baconin Borzacchini
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Amedeo Bignami 		Alfa Romeo 8C 2300 Spider Touring
1931 22px-Flag of Germany.png Rudolf Caracciola
22px-Flag of Germany.png Wilhelm Sebastian 		Mercedes-Benz SSK
1930 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Tazio Nuvolari
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Battista Guidotti 		Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 GS spider Zagato
1929 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giuseppe Campari
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giulio Ramponi 		Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 SS spider Zagato
1928 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giuseppe Campari
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giulio Ramponi 		Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 Sport Spider Zagato
1927 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Ferdinando Minoia
3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Giuseppe Morandi 		OM 665 S


Name usage

Mille Miglia is also the name of Alitalia's frequent flyer program.

Mille Miglia is also the name of a jacket, named after the race, inspired by the 1920's racewear and designed by Massimo Osti for his CP Company clothing label. The garment features goggles built into the hood and originally also had a small circular window in the sleeve enabling the wearer to see their watch. The jackets have been for a long period and are still popular with British football casuals.

As a sponsor and timekeeper of the Storica event, the event have lent its name and its trademark logo to Chopard for a series of sport watches. Also for promotions, shots from the event is used.


The Mille Miglia today

In 1982 the Mille Miglia endurance race was revived as a road rally event. Nowadays,timing rather than speed is of the essence for the enthusiasts from around the world who race their vintage cars, dating from 1927 to 1957. This magnificent parade of classic machines has earned the Mille Miglia the reputation of being the "the most beautiful road race in the world". Every May, Brescia becomes the meeting place for the rich, famous and passionate as they prepare to do battle over 1,600 miles of Italian roads. The event is closely followed by the press and immortalized every year by one of world's most respected photographers, Giacomo Bretzel, whose images so perfectly communicate the intensity, the emotion and the spirit of the moment. The history of the Mille Miglia is traced in all its glory, from yesteryear to the present day, at the Mille Miglia Museum, Brescia. This collection is a must for all amateurs of the automobile and its history and includes a fine collection of books and photographic works.


Mille Miglia Storica results

Bandini 750 sport siluro in Mille Miglia 2006
Marx/Donà with Alfa Romeo 6C 1750 Gran Sport in 2008 Mille Miglia.
  • 1977 : Hepp / Bauer - Alfa Romeo RLSS - 1927
  • 1982 : Bacchi / Montanari - O.S.C.A MT 4 - 1956
  • 1984 : Palazzani / Campana - Stanguellini 1100 S - 1947
  • 1986 : Schildbach / Netzer - Mercedes-Benz SSK - 1929
  • 1987 : Nannini / Marin - Maserati 200 SI - 1957
  • 1988 : Rollino / Gaslini - Fiat 1100 S MM - 1948
  • 1989 : Valseriati / Favero - Mercedes-Benz 300 SL - 1955
  • 1990 : Agnelli / Cavallari - Cisitalia 202 SC - 1950
  • 1991 : Panizza / Pisanelli - Renault 750 Sport - 1954
  • 1992 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 507 - 1957
  • 1993 : Vesco / Bocelli - Cisitalia 202 SC - 1948
  • 1994 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - Lancia Aurelia B 20 - 1957
  • 1995 : Ferrari / Salza - Abarth 750 Zagato - 1957
  • 1996 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM - 1937
  • 1997 : Valseriati / Sabbadini - Mercedes-Benz 300 SL Pr - 1952
  • 1998 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM - 1937
  • 1999 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Auteri - Ferrari 340 MM - 1953
  • 2000 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM - 1937
  • 2001 : Sisti / Bernini - Healey Silverstone - 1950
  • 2002 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 Touring - 1940
  • 2003 : 22px-Flag of Argentina.png Sielecki / Hervas - Bugatti T 23 Brescia - 1923
  • 2004 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM Coupè
  • 2005 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Viaro / De Marco - Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 S - 1928
  • 2006 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Canè / Galliani - BMW 328 MM Coupè
  • 2007 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Viaro / Bergamaschi - Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 S - 1928
  • 2008 : 3dflagsdotcom italy2bs.gif Luciano and Antonio Viaro - Alfa Romeo 6C 1500 Super Sport - 1928


See also

List of major automobile races in Italy


External links

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