Difference between revisions of "Touring car racing"
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'''Touring car racing''' is a general term for a number of distinct [[automobile racing]] competitions in heavily-modified street cars. It is notably popular in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Germany]], [[Scandinavia]], and [[Australia]]. | '''Touring car racing''' is a general term for a number of distinct [[automobile racing]] competitions in heavily-modified street cars. It is notably popular in [[United Kingdom|Britain]], [[Germany]], [[Scandinavia]], and [[Australia]]. | ||
==What constitutes a touring car?== | ==What constitutes a touring car?== | ||
| − | While rules vary from country to country, most series require that the competitors start with a standard [[ | + | While rules vary from country to country, most series require that the competitors start with a standard [[body shell]], but virtually every other component is allowed to be heavily modified for racing, including engines, suspension, brakes, wheels and tyres. Wings are usually added to the front and rear of the cars. Regulations are usually designed to limit costs by banning some of the more exotic technologies available (for instance, many series insist on a "control tyre" that all competitors must use) and keep the racing close (sometimes by a "lead trophy" where winning a race requires the winner's car to be heavier for subsequent races). In this, it shares some similarity with the American [[NASCAR]] series, but raced exclusively on road courses and street circuits rather than the American series' primarily oval tracks. |
| − | every other component is allowed to be heavily modified for racing, including engines, suspension, brakes, wheels and tyres. Wings are usually added to the front and rear of the cars. Regulations are usually designed to limit costs by banning some of the more exotic technologies available (for instance, many series insist on a "control tyre" that all competitors must use) and keep the racing close (sometimes by a "lead trophy" where winning a race requires the winner's car to be heavier for subsequent races). In this, it shares some similarity with the American [[NASCAR]] series, but raced exclusively on road courses and street circuits rather than the American series' primarily oval tracks. | ||
| − | Whilst not nearly as fast as [[Formula One]], the similarity of the cars both to each other and to fans' own vehicles makes for entertaining, | + | Whilst not nearly as fast as [[Formula One]], the similarity of the cars both to each other and to fans' own vehicles makes for entertaining, well-supported racing. The lesser impact of aerodynamics also means that following cars have a much easier time of passing than F1, and |
| − | well-supported racing. The lesser impact of aerodynamics also means that following cars have a much easier time of passing than F1, and | ||
the more substantial bodies of the cars makes the occasional nudging for overtaking much more acceptable as part of racing. | the more substantial bodies of the cars makes the occasional nudging for overtaking much more acceptable as part of racing. | ||
| − | As well as short "sprint" races, many touring car series include one or more "endurance" races, which last anything from 3 to 24 hours and | + | As well as short "sprint" races, many touring car series include one or more "endurance" races, which last anything from 3 to 24 hours and are a test of reliability and pit crews as much as car and driver speed. |
| − | are a test of reliability and pit crews as much as car and driver speed. | ||
==Differences between touring cars and sports cars== | ==Differences between touring cars and sports cars== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 16: | ||
For the casual observer, there can be a great deal of confusion when it comes to classifying closed-wheel racing cars as 'touring cars' or '[[sports car racing|sports cars]]' (also known as GT cars). In truth, there is often very little technical difference between the two classifications, and nomenclature is often a matter of tradition. | For the casual observer, there can be a great deal of confusion when it comes to classifying closed-wheel racing cars as 'touring cars' or '[[sports car racing|sports cars]]' (also known as GT cars). In truth, there is often very little technical difference between the two classifications, and nomenclature is often a matter of tradition. | ||
| − | In general, however, touring cars are based upon 4-door 'family' sedans or, more rarely, 2-door coupe cars, while GT racing cars are based upon more exotic vehicles, such as [[Ferrari]] | + | In general, however, touring cars are based upon 4-door 'family' sedans or, more rarely, 2-door coupe cars, while GT racing cars are based upon more exotic vehicles, such as [[Ferrari]]s or [[Lamborghini]]s. Underneath the bodywork, a Touring Car is often more closely related to its road-going origins, using many original components and mountings, while a top-flight GT car is often a purpose-built [[tube-frame]] racing chassis underneath a cosmetic bodyshell. Many Touring Car series, such as the [[British Touring Car Championship|BTCC]] and the now-defunct [[All Japan Grand Touring Car Championship|JTCC]] distinguish themselves from sports-car racing by featuring [[front-wheel drive]] cars with smaller engines. |
| + | |||
| + | However, while in general Touring Cars have a lower technical level than sports cars, there are notable exceptions to the rule. The [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft]] (DTM) is considered to be one of the most technologically advanced racing series in the world, with cars that, underneath their four-door shells, are more purebred racing machines than most [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]]-GT vehicles. | ||
| − | + | ==Series of competition== | |
| + | ===Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft=== | ||
| + | ''Germany/Europe'' | ||
| + | {{main|Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft}} | ||
| − | + | Also known as the '''DTM'''. After a hiatus since 1996, this series was revived in 2000 and features advanced purpose built [[V8 engine|V8]]-powered [[space frame]] machines, covered with [[carbon fibre]] bodyshapes resemblant of the manufacturers' road machine. In order to lower costs, the engine power is limited to 470 hp, and transmissions, brakes and tyres (Dunlop) are standard parts for all. Also, dimension and aerodynamics are equalized. The approx. 1050 kg light DTM cars corner incredibly quickly and wear spectacular bodykits incorporating huge wheel arches and diffusors. | |
| − | + | Easily Europe's premier series, DTM features many ex-[[Formula One|F1]] drivers like [[Jean Alesi]], [[Heinz-Harald Frentzen]] and especially [[Mika Häkkinen]] since the 2005. The European locale makes this series appealing for aspiring drivers, who didn't quite make F1, as they compete alongside legends of the sport. | |
| − | |||
| − | + | More than 20 works-backed entries of [[Opel Vectra]] GTS, [[Audi A4]] and [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class]] contested the 2005 DTM series. Opel will not return in 2006, though, as GM has to cut costs. This puts the whole series in jeopardy for 2007 as TV contracts ask for 3 marques.{{citation needed}} | |
| − | + | ===Nürburgring VLN Endurance racing Series=== | |
| + | ''Germany'' | ||
| + | {{main|VLN}} | ||
| − | + | Since 1997, and nowadays still on the over 20 km long famous old [[Nürburgring]], in average over 150 touring cars compete in the [[VLN]] series of ten typically 4 hour long races. Cars range from old 100 hp road legal compacts to 500 hp [[Porsche 996]] and even modified [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] cars (1250 kg). Most entrants of the [[24 Hours Nürburgring]] collect experience here. | |
| − | === | + | ===V8 Supercar=== |
| − | [[Australia]]/[[New Zealand]]/[[China]]/[[Bahrain]] | + | ''[[Australia]]/[[New Zealand]]/[[China]]/[[Bahrain]]'' |
| + | {{main|V8 Supercar}} | ||
| − | + | Formerly the [[Australian Touring Car Championship]]. This series features huge grids of 650+ [[Horsepower|hp]] (480 kW) [[Ford Falcon]]s and [[Holden Commodore]]s. | |
Unlike the manufacturer-oriented championships of Europe, Australia's series is much closer to [[NASCAR]] with well-sponsored private teams preparing their own distinct interpretations of the Falcon and Commodore, however production derived bodyshells and panels are used rather than space-frame chassis. | Unlike the manufacturer-oriented championships of Europe, Australia's series is much closer to [[NASCAR]] with well-sponsored private teams preparing their own distinct interpretations of the Falcon and Commodore, however production derived bodyshells and panels are used rather than space-frame chassis. | ||
| − | In | + | In 2004, well over 50 entries will compete across the division one and two series respectively: |
*[[V8 Supercar Championship Series]], incorporating the [[Bathurst 1000]], this series will be contested by 14 professional two-car outfits as well as 5+ one-car outfits. | *[[V8 Supercar Championship Series]], incorporating the [[Bathurst 1000]], this series will be contested by 14 professional two-car outfits as well as 5+ one-car outfits. | ||
| − | *[[ | + | *[[Holden Performance Development Series]], home of up-and-coming drivers hoping to break into the main game as well as loyal privateers. |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | ===British Touring Car Championship=== | |
| + | ''[[United Kingdom]]/[[Republic of Ireland]]'' | ||
| + | {{main|BTCC}} | ||
| − | + | The BTCC currently competes at nine circuits in the UK and Republic of Ireland, with cars built either to BTCC or [[European Touring Car Championship|ETCC]] specification, with ballast being used to equalise the two types. Cars are front wheel drive 2.0 Litre saloons with around 270 bhp. There are currently only two manufacturer teams ([[Vauxhall Motors|Vauxhall]], who run Astras built to BTCC rules, and [[SEAT]], who enter "Super 2000"-spec Leons) although because BTCC budgets have been kept relatively low there is a strong independent and privateer presence in the championship. Manufacturers represented by privateers include Vauxhall, Honda, Lexus, BMW, Peugeot, Alfa Romeo and MG. | |
| − | + | Prior to 2001 the BTCC was contested by cars built to 2.0 litre supertouring regulations and had in its heyday up to 9 different manufacturers. It was considered to be the best touring car championship in the world, as stated by [[Joachim Winkelhock]] on several occasions, and many of champions of that era now race in the WTCC. | |
| − | === | + | ===World Touring Car Championship=== |
| − | Worldwide | + | ''Worldwide'' |
| + | {{main|WTCC}} | ||
Modern World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) started in 2005, replacing the old [[European Touring Car Championship]]. It is considered the third most important FIA championship after [[Formula One Championship]] and [[World Rally Championship]]. | Modern World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) started in 2005, replacing the old [[European Touring Car Championship]]. It is considered the third most important FIA championship after [[Formula One Championship]] and [[World Rally Championship]]. | ||
| − | Running across vast continental racing facilities, this series which is heavily supported by [[BMW]], [[Alfa Romeo]] and [[SEAT]], with [[Ford]], [[Chevrolet]] and [[Honda]] also showing limited support. It | + | Running across vast continental racing facilities, this series which is heavily supported by [[BMW]], [[Alfa Romeo]] and [[SEAT]], with [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]], [[Chevrolet]] and [[Honda]] also showing limited support. It features 2L cars built to ''Super 2000'' regulations based of FIA [[Group N]]. |
Following the trend of recent FIA rules, cost control is a major theme in the technical regulation. Engines are limited to 2000 cc. Many technologies that have featured in production cars are not allowed, such as variable valve timing, variable intake geometry, ABS brakes and traction control. | Following the trend of recent FIA rules, cost control is a major theme in the technical regulation. Engines are limited to 2000 cc. Many technologies that have featured in production cars are not allowed, such as variable valve timing, variable intake geometry, ABS brakes and traction control. | ||
| − | ===Other | + | ===Other series=== |
| + | ====America==== | ||
| + | * [http://www.ustcc.com/ US Touring Car Championship] | ||
| + | * Argentina's [[TC 2000]] | ||
| + | * [[Stock Car Brasil]] | ||
| + | ====Europe==== | ||
| + | * Germany's [[ADAC]] ''[[Procar]]'' in 2006, former ''[[Deutscher Motor Sport Bund|DMSB]]-Produktionswagen-Meisterschaft'' (DPM) with [[European Touring Car Championship|ETCC]] rules | ||
* [[SPEED World Challenge]] ([[United States|USA]]) | * [[SPEED World Challenge]] ([[United States|USA]]) | ||
* [[Swedish Touring Car Championship]] | * [[Swedish Touring Car Championship]] | ||
* [[Norwegian Touring Car Championship]] | * [[Norwegian Touring Car Championship]] | ||
| − | * [[French Touring Car Championship | + | * [[Championnat de France Supertourisme]] (French Touring Car Championship) |
| − | |||
| − | |||
* [[Danish Touring Car Championship]] | * [[Danish Touring Car Championship]] | ||
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Castrol-Haugg-Cup]] (CHC) entry-level series on Germany's [[Nürburgring]] |
| − | * [[ | + | * [[Gleichmäßigkeitsprüfung]] (GLP) entry-level series on Germany's Nürburgring |
| − | === | + | ====Other==== |
| + | * All Japan Touring Car Championship/[[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] | ||
| + | * [[New Zealand Touring Cars]] | ||
| + | * [[Philippine Touring Car Championship]] (formerly the PNTCC) | ||
| − | * The old | + | ===Previous series=== |
| + | * The old World Touring Car Championship, plagued by lack of support from the [[FIA]], raced under the [[Group A]] regulations in 1987. | ||
| + | * Germany's former [[DTC]] adopted [[European Touring Car Championship|ETCC]] rules in 2004 and was renamed to ''[[DMSB]]-Produktionswagen-Meisterschaft'' (DPM) until 2005 | ||
* [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC) ran from 1985 through 1997. | * [[Japanese Touring Car Championship]] (JTCC) ran from 1985 through 1997. | ||
* [[North American Touring Car Championship]] (NATCC) ran from 1996 to 1997. | * [[North American Touring Car Championship]] (NATCC) ran from 1996 to 1997. | ||
| − | ===Other | + | ===Other notable competitions=== |
| − | + | * [[Spa 24 Hours]] since 1924 | |
| − | + | * [[24 Hours Nürburgring]] at the famous old [[Nürburgring]], since 1970, related to [[VLN]] series there | |
| − | + | * [[Macau Grand Prix]] ''Guia Race'' (contested as part of WTCC in 2005) | |
| − | [[ | ||
| − | + | [[Category:Touring car racing|*]] | |
| − | [ | ||
Revision as of 11:26, 18 December 2007
Touring car racing is a general term for a number of distinct automobile racing competitions in heavily-modified street cars. It is notably popular in Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, and Australia.
What constitutes a touring car?
While rules vary from country to country, most series require that the competitors start with a standard body shell, but virtually every other component is allowed to be heavily modified for racing, including engines, suspension, brakes, wheels and tyres. Wings are usually added to the front and rear of the cars. Regulations are usually designed to limit costs by banning some of the more exotic technologies available (for instance, many series insist on a "control tyre" that all competitors must use) and keep the racing close (sometimes by a "lead trophy" where winning a race requires the winner's car to be heavier for subsequent races). In this, it shares some similarity with the American NASCAR series, but raced exclusively on road courses and street circuits rather than the American series' primarily oval tracks.
Whilst not nearly as fast as Formula One, the similarity of the cars both to each other and to fans' own vehicles makes for entertaining, well-supported racing. The lesser impact of aerodynamics also means that following cars have a much easier time of passing than F1, and the more substantial bodies of the cars makes the occasional nudging for overtaking much more acceptable as part of racing.
As well as short "sprint" races, many touring car series include one or more "endurance" races, which last anything from 3 to 24 hours and are a test of reliability and pit crews as much as car and driver speed.
Differences between touring cars and sports cars
For the casual observer, there can be a great deal of confusion when it comes to classifying closed-wheel racing cars as 'touring cars' or 'sports cars' (also known as GT cars). In truth, there is often very little technical difference between the two classifications, and nomenclature is often a matter of tradition.
In general, however, touring cars are based upon 4-door 'family' sedans or, more rarely, 2-door coupe cars, while GT racing cars are based upon more exotic vehicles, such as Ferraris or Lamborghinis. Underneath the bodywork, a Touring Car is often more closely related to its road-going origins, using many original components and mountings, while a top-flight GT car is often a purpose-built tube-frame racing chassis underneath a cosmetic bodyshell. Many Touring Car series, such as the BTCC and the now-defunct JTCC distinguish themselves from sports-car racing by featuring front-wheel drive cars with smaller engines.
However, while in general Touring Cars have a lower technical level than sports cars, there are notable exceptions to the rule. The Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM) is considered to be one of the most technologically advanced racing series in the world, with cars that, underneath their four-door shells, are more purebred racing machines than most FIA-GT vehicles.
Series of competition
Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft
Germany/Europe Template:Main
Also known as the DTM. After a hiatus since 1996, this series was revived in 2000 and features advanced purpose built V8-powered space frame machines, covered with carbon fibre bodyshapes resemblant of the manufacturers' road machine. In order to lower costs, the engine power is limited to 470 hp, and transmissions, brakes and tyres (Dunlop) are standard parts for all. Also, dimension and aerodynamics are equalized. The approx. 1050 kg light DTM cars corner incredibly quickly and wear spectacular bodykits incorporating huge wheel arches and diffusors.
Easily Europe's premier series, DTM features many ex-F1 drivers like Jean Alesi, Heinz-Harald Frentzen and especially Mika Häkkinen since the 2005. The European locale makes this series appealing for aspiring drivers, who didn't quite make F1, as they compete alongside legends of the sport.
More than 20 works-backed entries of Opel Vectra GTS, Audi A4 and Mercedes-Benz C-Class contested the 2005 DTM series. Opel will not return in 2006, though, as GM has to cut costs. This puts the whole series in jeopardy for 2007 as TV contracts ask for 3 marques.Template:Citation needed
Nürburgring VLN Endurance racing Series
Germany Template:Main
Since 1997, and nowadays still on the over 20 km long famous old Nürburgring, in average over 150 touring cars compete in the VLN series of ten typically 4 hour long races. Cars range from old 100 hp road legal compacts to 500 hp Porsche 996 and even modified DTM cars (1250 kg). Most entrants of the 24 Hours Nürburgring collect experience here.
V8 Supercar
Australia/New Zealand/China/Bahrain Template:Main
Formerly the Australian Touring Car Championship. This series features huge grids of 650+ hp (480 kW) Ford Falcons and Holden Commodores.
Unlike the manufacturer-oriented championships of Europe, Australia's series is much closer to NASCAR with well-sponsored private teams preparing their own distinct interpretations of the Falcon and Commodore, however production derived bodyshells and panels are used rather than space-frame chassis.
In 2004, well over 50 entries will compete across the division one and two series respectively:
- V8 Supercar Championship Series, incorporating the Bathurst 1000, this series will be contested by 14 professional two-car outfits as well as 5+ one-car outfits.
- Holden Performance Development Series, home of up-and-coming drivers hoping to break into the main game as well as loyal privateers.
British Touring Car Championship
United Kingdom/Republic of Ireland Template:Main
The BTCC currently competes at nine circuits in the UK and Republic of Ireland, with cars built either to BTCC or ETCC specification, with ballast being used to equalise the two types. Cars are front wheel drive 2.0 Litre saloons with around 270 bhp. There are currently only two manufacturer teams (Vauxhall, who run Astras built to BTCC rules, and SEAT, who enter "Super 2000"-spec Leons) although because BTCC budgets have been kept relatively low there is a strong independent and privateer presence in the championship. Manufacturers represented by privateers include Vauxhall, Honda, Lexus, BMW, Peugeot, Alfa Romeo and MG.
Prior to 2001 the BTCC was contested by cars built to 2.0 litre supertouring regulations and had in its heyday up to 9 different manufacturers. It was considered to be the best touring car championship in the world, as stated by Joachim Winkelhock on several occasions, and many of champions of that era now race in the WTCC.
World Touring Car Championship
Worldwide Template:Main
Modern World Touring Car Championship (WTCC) started in 2005, replacing the old European Touring Car Championship. It is considered the third most important FIA championship after Formula One Championship and World Rally Championship.
Running across vast continental racing facilities, this series which is heavily supported by BMW, Alfa Romeo and SEAT, with Ford, Chevrolet and Honda also showing limited support. It features 2L cars built to Super 2000 regulations based of FIA Group N.
Following the trend of recent FIA rules, cost control is a major theme in the technical regulation. Engines are limited to 2000 cc. Many technologies that have featured in production cars are not allowed, such as variable valve timing, variable intake geometry, ABS brakes and traction control.
Other series
America
- US Touring Car Championship
- Argentina's TC 2000
- Stock Car Brasil
Europe
- Germany's ADAC Procar in 2006, former DMSB-Produktionswagen-Meisterschaft (DPM) with ETCC rules
- SPEED World Challenge (USA)
- Swedish Touring Car Championship
- Norwegian Touring Car Championship
- Championnat de France Supertourisme (French Touring Car Championship)
- Danish Touring Car Championship
- Castrol-Haugg-Cup (CHC) entry-level series on Germany's Nürburgring
- Gleichmäßigkeitsprüfung (GLP) entry-level series on Germany's Nürburgring
Other
- All Japan Touring Car Championship/Japanese Touring Car Championship
- New Zealand Touring Cars
- Philippine Touring Car Championship (formerly the PNTCC)
Previous series
- The old World Touring Car Championship, plagued by lack of support from the FIA, raced under the Group A regulations in 1987.
- Germany's former DTC adopted ETCC rules in 2004 and was renamed to DMSB-Produktionswagen-Meisterschaft (DPM) until 2005
- Japanese Touring Car Championship (JTCC) ran from 1985 through 1997.
- North American Touring Car Championship (NATCC) ran from 1996 to 1997.
Other notable competitions
- Spa 24 Hours since 1924
- 24 Hours Nürburgring at the famous old Nürburgring, since 1970, related to VLN series there
- Macau Grand Prix Guia Race (contested as part of WTCC in 2005)