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...ter, the connecting rods being arranged such that the dead centre for each cylinder occurs out of phase with the other one (or two) cylinders. Top dead centre for cylinder one is often marked on the crankshaft pulley, the [[flywheel]] or [[dynamic

...best achieved with a compact rather than elongated chamber. The intake [[cylinder head porting|valve/port]] is usually placed to give the mixture a pronounce * [[Indirect injection]], where the combustion chamber is in the cylinder head

...n the [[locomotive]] and in brake vehicles through the train, and later by steam power brakes on locomotives. This was clearly unsatisfactory, but the techn ...mpressed air, was preferred because steam locomotives can be fitted with [[Steam ejector|ejectors]], which are simple venturi devices that create vacuum wit

...otor oil]] squirts out onto the [[thrust]] side of the [[cylinder (engine)|cylinder]] wall to lubricate the travel of the pistons and [[piston ring]]s. ...od (or a piston with smaller compression height), resulting in accelerated cylinder wear.

...350px|Piping diagram from 1920 of a Westinghouse E-T Air Brake system on a locomotive.]] ...tainous regions, it became necessary to fit each car with brakes, as the [[locomotive]] was no longer capable of bringing the train to a halt in a reasonable dis

...en the combustion process heats a separate working fluid, such as water or steam, which then in turn does work. ...ting-rods and fly wheel in which the gas essentially took the place of the steam. In 1870 in Vienna [[Siegfried Marcus]] put the first mobile gasoline engi

...changing burnt exhaust for fresh mixture) and the method of exhausting the cylinder. ...hich are holes in the side of the cylinder) as it moves up and down in the cylinder.

...wer was first used by [[James Watt]] during a business venture where his [[steam engine]]s replaced [[horse]]s. It was defined that a horse can lift 33,000 ...ator'' - hence indicated horsepower. It was the figure normally used for [[steam engine]]s in the [[19th century]] but is misleading because the mechanical

...en the combustion process heats a separate working fluid, such as water or steam, which then in turn does work. ...a gas-fired internal combustion engine not dissimilar in appearance to a [[steam]] [[beam engine]]. In 1870 in Vienna [[Siegfried Marcus]] put the first mob

This contrasts with [[external combustion engine]]s, such as [[steam engine]]s and [[Stirling engine]]s, which use the combustion process to hea ...is the use of [[Physical compression|compression]] and in particular of in-cylinder compression.

===Steam era=== [[Image:FardierdeCugnot20050111.jpg|thumb|Cugnot's steam wagon, the second (1771) version]]

...igned the Lohner-Porsche carriage, a series-hybrid vehicle that used a one-cylinder gasoline internal combustion engine that spun a generator which powered fou ...al Power made by the [[Woods Motor Vehicle]] electric car maker had a four cylinder internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Below 15 mph (25&nbs

*[[American Locomotive Company|Alco]] (1909) *[[American Locomotive Company]] (ALCO) (1909)

...ott]] supercharger controlled by a magnetic clutch. Bond dubs the car "the locomotive". ...with a [[Citroën GS]] 4-cylinder boxer engine (in place of the standard 2-cylinder boxer), to make it able to outrun the two [[Peugeot 504]]s in pursuit.{{Fac