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Electric buses, electric public transport vehicles to electric traction and electric cars.

...storing it for future use or feeding it back into a power system for other vehicles to use. ...n one dynamo rotor was turned as a regenerative brake, the other became an electric motor.

...ar after the founding, as part of the Milan Motor Show, showed a new small electric car. This car, built in very small circulation, was available in a two-and

[[Image:fram.jpg|thumb|300px|right|'''1906 Fram Electric''']] ...ehicles were produced in Canton (North America) by the company ''Cantono'' Electric Tractor Co..

...hicles for competition, the company paid special attention to the field of electric traction. After years of study and experimentation the MICRON was created, the first electric car was approved in 1993 in Italy.

The '''Turinelli & Pezza''' was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[electric car]] manufactured only in 1899. Manufactured in [[Milan]], it featured [[ [[Category:Historic electric vehicles]]

...storing it for future use or feeding it back into a power system for other vehicles to use. ...n one dynamo rotor was turned as a regenerative brake, the other became an electric motor.

...es. The company has been associated with the NFIA (National Association of Vehicles Constructors) since 1992. ...since 1991, with the electrification of light, medium and heavy commercial vehicles for transport. All the know-how is Micro-Vett original.

...ith headquarters in [[Turin]]. Operates first as a distributor of electric vehicles manufactured by Melex, in various [[European]] markets. ...e one of a manufacturer of electric vehicles (called Neighborhood Electric Vehicles - NEV) while planning and developing customized products to satisfy the nee

...gatti]] Type 52''' was a half-scale [[Bugatti Type 35]] [[electric vehicle|electric]] racing car for children. Over 250 examples were produced at the [[Molshei The Type 52 was powered by a single 12 volt electric motor with an integral 4-speed [[gearbox]]. Braking was done by way of exp

...wheel drive]], greater vehicle mass and wider [[tire]]s means that modern vehicles would be extremely difficult to manouevre at low speeds (e.g. when parking) == Electric systems ==

...hen stored for future use or fed back into a power system for use by other vehicles. ...electric vehicle|battery electric]] and [[hybrid vehicle|hybrid electric]] vehicles, the energy is stored in a [[battery (electricity)|battery]] or bank of [[c

...wheels, powered by petrol engines of no more than 700 cc or battery electric propulsion, and manufactured since 1945'. ...siast clubs worldwide, this list is an attempt to collate as many of these vehicles as possible into a common grouping.

[[France]] also produced large numbers of similar tiny vehicles called ''[[voiturette]]s'', but unlike the German makes, these were rarely ...ain they attract various tax and insurance benefits when compared to other vehicles. These are known as [[keicar]]s and differ from most of the European microc

...dquarters were in [[Milan]] and Sesto San workshops [[Giovanni]]. Electric vehicles were in vogue earlier this century because they were much more practical th Several of them managed to give a classic look to their vehicles by providing them with rear-wheel drive and concealing the batteries in dou

...The designer [[Mario Revelli]], designed two [[three-wheeled]] [[electric vehicles]] for city driving. They never did go into production and emerged only as [

...se in urban areas. It is more substantial and faster than a [[neighborhood electric vehicle]] ("NEV") and has four seats, unlike [[microcar]]s which are two-se ...ocations, electric recharging is provided to encourage the use of electric vehicles. NEVs may also be used as station cars where the roadway speed limits permi

* The '''3''', since its introduction in 1910, she received a series of electric lamps for front and rear position and the light of the vehicle. Equipped wi [[Category:Fiat vehicles|3]]

[[Bugatti]] created a number of prototype vehicles which never reached full production. The '''Type 56''' was an [[electric vehicle]] like some of Ettore Bugatti's earliest designs. A single example

...from a direct connection to land-based generation plants, as is common in electric trains; from chemical energy stored on the vehicle in batteries or diesel f ...ertor|torque convertor]]s and [[Differential_(mechanics)|differential]]s. Electric motors also have the unusual ability to convert movement energy back into e

*[[DMV]]: California [[Department of Motor Vehicles]] *[[eACC]]: [[Improved electric accessories]]

...market by the French Electric Company. Very similar to the famous Krieger vehicles, Gallia had the form of a cab with a single seat for the driver. It was equ

...his includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and non wheel based vehicles. ...c vehicles powered from the grid with low hydraulic energy share and also vehicles using energy storage with high losses (some battery types, ultra- or superc

...Wartburg named the system Hycomat. The Hydrak, used in some Mercedes-Benz vehicles between 1957 and 1961, was a similar system with a hydrostatic torque conve The servo clutch used an electric switch that supplied [[manifold vacuum]] via an actuator valve to a reservo

...+LosAngeles (100+42 heavy metro vehicles), and Athens (35 Sirio light rail vehicles).

Since September 1988 the BREMACH vehicles have been manufactured by Bremach-Fb S.r.l. in plant located in [[Varese]], ...Thus a decision has been made to actively expand the marketing of BREMACH vehicles to USA.

The following is a '''list of speed records''' for various categories of vehicles. ==[[Land speed record|Land vehicles]]==

[[Image:DC Electric Locomotive.jpg|thumb|250px|right|An [[electric locomotive]], taking power through a [[Pantograph (rail)|pantograph]]]] ...els]] or [[propellers]] driven by rotary motors, or in the case of tracked vehicles, by [[linear motor]]s.

* Pre-[[1905]] vehicles are '''veteran cars''' * 1905–1918 vehicles are '''[[Edwardian]] cars'''.

...t]] No. 745,157 was issued to [[Clyde J. Coleman]] of New York City for an electric '''[[automobile]] self-starter'''. He had invented the first self-starter ...ce the engine was running, a concept that is now being revived in [[hybrid vehicles]]. By [[1920]], nearly every car had a self-starter.

...[Milano]]) was an italian maker of sewing machines, bicycles and motorized vehicles, established in [[Milano]]. It was owned by engineers and politicians [[Aug ...i-Prinetti family founded the ''Società Generale Elettrica dell'Adamello'' electric company (1907). Also, it is the owner of the [[Badia a Coltibuono]] castle

...or people with prevented or reduced mobility. The design and production of vehicles, is performed entirely in [[Italy]]. ...ied to a folding bike (model''Avia'') and a moped folding model''R2'': two vehicles characterized by extreme ease of folding and details particularly original,

...subsidiary]] of the [[Fiat Group]], and produces around 200,000 commercial vehicles and 460,000 diesel engines annually, and for the year ended 2007 the compan ...and is near the top for sales of passenger transport and 3.5 [[ton]] light vehicles.

*Electric Winch Kit *'''[[GI Joe]]''': The Cheetah’s styling was used to create several vehicles for [[GI Joe]]. Beginning with the VAMP [Multi-Purpose Attack Vehicle] whic

...ehicle may be built by the converter, or assembled from a [[kit car]], and vehicles of this type are also noted below.<br> ...er that purchases new vehicles without a motor or related equipment (these vehicles are called "[[Glider (disambiguation)|glider]]s" to offer a two-stage vehic

...Hazelcar||[[Battery Manufacturing Association]], [[Hove]], [[Sussex]] ||[[electric motor]] 1.5 kW| ||2 ||1952-1957 || ...8 ||The company also converted [[Opel Kadett]]s and [[Fiat Topolino]]s to electric power

...ing.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Fiat Seicento Sporting with optional full length electric canvas hood.]] ...e; an 'SX' model, a slight upgrade over the 'S' with colour coded bumpers, electric windows, central locking and a sunroof - which was also available as a 'Cit

...g and hence more energy is transferred to the disfigurement of the crashed vehicles. A number of production vehicles have been made with a separate drum brake on the transmission tailshaft. Th

...the wheels relative to each other and to the vehicle body. Since for most vehicles the wheels are the only part touching the ground, the axles must bear the w ...n integral part of the [[drivetrain]]. A mechanical system (typically a [[electric motor|motor]]) exerts a rotational force on the axle, which is transferred

==Electric versions== The vehicle uses a 30 [[kW]] (60 kW peak) motor from Ansaldo Electric Drives, that gives 120km/h top speed.

...as its primary source of [[power (physics)|power]] for locomotion. These vehicles generally use the hydrogen in one of two methods: [[combustion]] or [[fuel- ...he hydrogen is turned into electricity through fuel cells which then power electric motors.

...dals. Moped classification is designed to allow the use of small motorised vehicles avoiding safety restrictions and licensing charges of larger [[motorcycles] ...acement of no more than 50 cc and maximum speed no more than 50 km/h. Such vehicles require no [[license|licensing]]. Pillion passengers are only allowed when

|Electric range || ...le to feature [[dihedral doors]], also known as [[butterfly doors]]. Other vehicles which feature doors of this nature include the [[Toyota Sera]], [[McLaren F

...and dissipate [[kinetic energy]]. It is analogous to a [[resistor]] in an electric [[RLC circuit]]. === Vehicles suspension ===

== Electric versions == ...oncept [[solar car]]), showing all the technology that will feature in the electric Topolino. Price is expected € 12,500.

...ation and regulation; what is used in practice is the Category C ("Special Vehicles") flying start regulations, officiated by regional or national organization Until 1906, the [[Land speed record for railed vehicles|rail speed record]] exceeded the auto speed record. However, the current un

.... An example would be a PTO, or [[power take-off]]. The operation of these vehicles is sometimes regulated by local, regional, or national [[laws]]. Some count ...are powered partly by an [[internal combustion engine]], and partly by an electric motor. The concepts of transmission continue to employ methods for transfer

...] or a '''[[traction battery]]''' (used for the main power source of an [[electric vehicle]]). ...er plate count in order to have a larger surface area that provides high [[electric current]] for short period of time. Once the engine is started, they are be

...ts as standard. The luxurious Gold Cloverleaf (Quadrifglio Oro) model had electric rear windows, a [[trip computer]], power steering, central locking, metalli [[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|90]]

[[Petroleum electric hybrid vehicle|Petroleum electric hybrid vehicles]] make use of both an on-board [[rechargeable energy storage system]] (RESS [[Image:Hybridpar.png|thumb|right|400px|Structure of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle]]

...n Region of British Railways operated an intensive self-contained fleet of electric multiple units for suburban and middle distance passenger trains. From 1950 The trains had Westinghouse brake equipment, and had an electric control system, activating the compressed air brakes on each coach. In norm

High-powered electric road scooters are on the horizon now that small electric motorcycles like the [http://e-maxusa.com/ e-max] and the [http://www.egove ...act, and rugged scooters were used by the United States military as ground vehicles for [[paratrooper]]s during [[World War II]]. The Vespa, originally manufac

...in [[Sesto San Giovanni]] near [[Milan]]. Company started as a magnet and electric equipment manufacturer and has always been a synonym of quality and innovat ...nic skills to develop intelligent systems for active and passive safety of vehicles and in the powertrain area with the objective to broaden its customer portf

...traight line. Other arrangements are sometimes found on different types of vehicles, for example, a [[tiller]] or rear–wheel steering. [[Tracked vehicle]]s s ...recirculating ball]] mechanism, which is still found on trucks and utility vehicles. This is a variation on the older [[worm and sector]] design; the steering

Unusual floating vehicles have been used for sports purposes as well. For example, the [[Bathtub Boat * [[Electric boat]]

...e. Its luxurious interior included a rich leather seating for four adults, electric windows, wooden dashboard and air conditioniong as standard. Automatic tran [[Category:Maserati vehicles|Mexico]]

...ore traditional concepts can be developed into fully [[driving|driveable]] vehicles with a working drivetrain and accessories. The state of most concept cars l * [[Eliica]] an 8 wheel drive 4 door, 4 passenger, high speed electric car.

...ial devices to improve maneuverability, and mounted [[weapon]]s to disable vehicles and remove obstacles. In addition, the vehicle typically carries a [[compu ...ith black paint and bat-themed trim, and then built several more identical vehicles as needed for filming. The series was a hit, and the Futura/Batmobile pass

It is worth noting that for all vehicles that travel upon [[wheel]]s (such as cars and [[bicycles]]), the sum of rol | 0.001 ''to'' 0.0025 || &nbsp; train steel on steel with tatz-mounted electric traction

...ages has required a wide range of energy-conversion systems. These include electric, [[steam engine|steam]], [[solar power|solar]], [[turbine]], rotary, and di ...in prior years. Although a few limited-production battery-powered electric vehicles have appeared from time to time, they have not proved to be competitive owi

...[[semi-trailers]]. This is the preferred type of braking system for these vehicles for several reasons. First, the use of air allows multiple vehicle units to ...used to hold compressed air. The number and size of air tanks varies among vehicles. The tanks will hold enough air to allow the brakes to be used several time

...ages has required a wide range of energy-conversion systems. These include electric, [[steam engine|steam]], [[solar power|solar]], [[turbine]], rotary, and di ...in prior years. Although a few limited-production battery-powered electric vehicles have appeared from time to time, they have not proved to be competitive owi

...his includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and non–wheel-based vehicles. ...nce may suffer. The motor vehicle industry doubts that customers may adopt vehicles in which acceleration responsiveness is reduced. This type of riding has be

...me, which completely disappears from sight under a flush fitting cover. An electric folding mechanism is fitted on some versions. As would be expected the GTV [[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|GTV/Spider]]

...GT 2+2 was a luxurious car with leather seats, power steering and brakes, electric windows, and optional air conditioning. It quickly became the company's to {{Ferrari vehicles}}

...s." The company had as its objectives the production of different types of vehicles and machinery, but in fact specialized in cars and obtained a considerable ...so occupied electrification of railways and construction of [[locomotive | electric locomotives]] in the establishments [[Saronno]] and [[1926]] was founded in

...ach cylinder head. [[Power steering]], [[power windows]], central locking, electric wing mirrors and a 25% [[limited slip differential]] were standard, making [[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|Alfa 6]]

The Stilo was the first car worldwide to use the [[TRW]] Column-Drive Electric Power-Assisted Steering (EPS) technology later introduced on the 2003 [[Nis ...mper and rear of the car to adjust the speed of the car according to other vehicles' speed. This was soon dropped as it became apparent that other interference

=== Internal combustion engine powered vehicles === ...|Samuel Brown]], and the American inventor, [[Samuel Morey]], who produced vehicles powered by clumsy internal combustion engines about 1826.

...dash, door trim, centre console and rear bulkhead were trimmed in leather, electric windows having been standard, most cars also getting air conditioners. The [[Category:Maserati vehicles|Bora]]

...le room for spare tires and jacks. They have grown in popularity for other vehicles, such as high-end luxury cars, because of their safety and convenience, ...The reason for this is that run flat tires became standard fitment on BMW vehicles when the 5 Series (E60 Series) was already in production and part way throu

...seater six-door open wagoner bodywork with a cape cart hood. Headlamps are electric but both the scuttle-mounted side lamps and the tail lamp are oil fed. A la [[Category:Fiat vehicles|2]]

...r plant based oils have also seen occasional use. A number of other hybrid vehicles use hydrogen fuel. ...l combustion engine that spun a generator which powered four wheel-mounted electric motors. The car was presented at the 1900 World Exhibition in Paris. The up

...on involved in the development of motor vehicles or more specifically road vehicles. This most commonly refers to [[automobiles]] but also refers to [[motorcyc *[http://www.electriccarsociety.com/ How to design and build an electric car]

...main parts (most notably, the doors) were shared with the Fiat Tipo. Other vehicles, derived from the same project were [[Lancia Dedra]] (Tempra's most similar ...utomakers also, so they could find assembly line mistakes to improve their vehicles and give a better product.

...bars to provide [[self-leveling suspension|automatic leveling]], using a [[electric motor|motor]] to tighten the bars to provide greater resistance to load and General Motors has used torsion bars since 1966, starting with the E-platform vehicles ([[Oldsmobile Toronado]], [[Cadillac Eldorado]]), 4 wheel drive [[S-10]] pi

...ric car]]. In 1946, with the war over and thus demand for their commercial vehicles wavering, Moretti began production of conventional cars.

...tive for some time after a water crossing, an important factor in off-road vehicles). Disc brakes are also more reliable than drum brakes due to the simplicit ...[[Formula One]] racing.) Discs have now become standard in most passenger vehicles, though some retain the use of drum brakes on the rear wheels to keep costs

...precision machinery]], [[motor vehicle]]s, chemicals, [[pharmaceuticals]], electric goods, and [[fashion]] and [[clothing]]. ...e famous exports are in the fields of [[food]], [[clothing]], and [[luxury vehicles]]. Famous Italian foods have been brought to the rest of the world through

...s. The third differential is in the center. This setup is used on most AWD vehicles to this day.]] ...wheels all the time (e.g., a [[Subaru Impreza]]), whereas 4WD is used for vehicles designed primarily for heavy off-road use, normally with a low range transf

* ''Electric Installation'' : 12 [[Volt]]s, [[dynamo]] 12.5 [[Watt]], [[battery]] 100Am [[Category:Lancia vehicles|Trikappa]]

...automotive makes in framing the passenger compartments of their passenger vehicles. In automobiles, the framing was sheathed in steel which was then covered i ...he commercial nature of the vehicles. Early station wagons were fixed roof vehicles, but lacked the glass that would enclose the passenger compartment. In lieu

...ey appear mostly in the form of [[gas turbines]]. They are also used for [[electric generator]]s and by industry. ...sity of [[battery (electricity)|batteries]] and lack of affordable onboard electric generators such as [[fuel cell]]s has largely restricted their use to speci

Vehicles that can be considered [[automobiles]] may have been demonstrated as early ''Also see'' [[History of steam road vehicles]]

...o reduce the amount of [[sulfur]] in the fuel. Sulphur causes corrosion in vehicles, [[acid rain]] and higher emissions of soot from the tail pipe (exhaust pip ...hrough electrolysis of distilled water, by electric current. Providing the electric current from a renewable power source would provide a completely clean hydr

...ew have experimentally used [[ion thruster]]s with some success (a form of electric propulsion). * [[Resistojet rocket]] (electric heating)

...on [[Berliet]] trucks. Similar systems are also used on some [[military]] vehicles. ...ure generation; combined pump/sphere unit for the suspension only and with electric height adjustment sensors

...6 engine]] of conventional design would have required lengthening existing vehicles to provide enough [[crumple zone]] between the front of the vehicle and the ...n addition to the belt-driven water pump, VR6 engine will use an auxiliary electric pump to circulate water while the engine is running and during the cooling

...a 2e||[[Dornier Flugzeugwerke|Dornier GmbH]], [[Munich]], [[Bavaria]] ||[[electric motor]] ||2 ||1972 ||Prototype |{{flagiconGreece}} [[Greece]]||[[Alta (vehicles)|Alta]] 200 ||Alta Inc, [[Athens]] ||[[Heinkel]] 198&nbsp;cc ||[[two plu

...nother method]] uses fibers or elements with a [[static electricity|static electric]] charge, which attract dust particles. The air intakes of internal combust ...ilter. Others are uniquely shaped to fit the available space of particular vehicles' outside-air intakes. Being a relatively recent addition to automobile equi

...ea]] winning in 10 h and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric. The first trophy awarded was the [[Vanderbilt Cup]]. ..., [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

...ey appear mostly in the form of [[gas turbines]]. They are also used for [[electric generator]]s and by industry. ...sity of [[battery (electricity)|batteries]] and lack of affordable onboard electric generators such as [[fuel cell]]s has largely restricted their use to speci

...ea]] winning in 10 h and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric. The first trophy awarded was the [[Vanderbilt Cup]]. ..., [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

Only a few examples of each of Ettore Bugatti's vehicles were ever produced, the most famous being the [[Bugatti Type 35|Type 35 Gra *[[Bugatti Prototypes#Type 56|Type 56]] ([[electric car]])

...updated Sport with 1584&nbsp;cc engine producing 115 hp. This version had electric front windows and was the fastest production Fulvia produced, with a top sp [[Category:Lancia vehicles|Fulvia]]

==== Light commercial vehicles ==== * Lancia E 290 (1941) single-built electric truck

...r steering]] and comes with two operation modes, using an [[Electric_motor|electric motor]], rather than a hydraulic pump driven by the engine. This results in {{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

...air until the engine reaches operating temperature. Engine block heaters (electric resistive heaters in the engine block) plugged into the utility grid are of ...trols the amount of fuel and its timing (the "start of injection") through electric or hydraulic [[actuators]] to maintain engine speed.

...me, which completely disappears from sight under a flush fitting cover. An electric folding mechanism is fitted on some versions. As would be expected the GTV [[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|GTV/Spider]]

...ce of [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] with regard to various electric extras. They were seven-seater landaulets, painted dark blue, with black Co The Flaminia was one of the more exclusive and prestigious vehicles in its time, which is why it was often the vehicle of choice of the rich an

...nctional prototypes, the series production area, producing runs of special vehicles such as ambulances, and the resin area, undertaking research, development a ...tyle and a comprehensive level of equipment, including a leather interior, electric windows, luxurious fittings and special instrumentation.

...ween set gear ratios. Even though CVTs have been used for decades in a few vehicles (e.g. [[Van Doorne's Automobiel Fabriek|DAF]] saloons and the [[Volvo 340]] ...the third input to a [[Differential_(mechanics)|differential]] using an [[electric motor]]-[[Electrical generator|generator]].

...uilt by [[Bertone]] (rather than at the main Fiat factory), it featured an electric powered fully-retracting roof and was one of the cheapest open-top cars in ...electric [[power steering]] and comes with two operation modes, using an [[electric motor]], rather than a hydraulic pump driven by the engine. This results in

...estimates 5,300-9,600 traffic fatalities could be avoided if all passenger vehicles were equipped with the feature. According to the [[IIHS]] one-third of fata ...stimates it will prevent 5,300-9,600 annual fatalities once all passenger vehicles are equipped with the system.

...ea]] winning in 10 h and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric. The first trophy awarded was the [[Vanderbilt Cup]]. ..., [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

...sells the world's [[motor vehicle]]s. In 2008, more than 70 million motor vehicles, including [[car]]s and [[commercial vehicle]]s were produced worldwide. About 250 million vehicles are in use in the United States. Around the world, there were about 806 mil

...ea]] winning in 10 h and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric. The first trophy awarded was the [[Vanderbilt Cup]]. ..., [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

Some x-by-wire technologies have been already installed on commercial vehicles such as steer-by-wire, and throttle-by-wire. Brake-by-wire technology is st ...icle stability control]] (VSC). These command signals are sent to the four electric [[caliper]]s (e-calipers) via a communication network. As this network migh

...a larger space that results from frightened drivers of all other types of vehicles moving away! ...hats" in Delhi (which are actually variants of what were once horse-driven vehicles), "8-seater autos" in Hyderabad and "Polaamboo vans" in Chennai. These larg

...s. The third differential is in the center. This setup is used on most AWD vehicles to this day.]] ...ther driveline issues associated with the use of 4WD on dry pavement. With vehicles with more than four wheels, AWD means all wheels drive the vehicle, to vary

...technology. These early systems were generally used on exotic performance vehicles, such as the early [[V8]] powered [[Chevy Corvette|Corvettes]], or for raci ...fuel tank and adjust the injector calculations "on the fly". Flexible fuel vehicles have a single fuel tank where a blend of both fuels can coexist.

...ctric pistol ([http://ppp.unipv.it/Volta/Pages/eF5struF.html]) in which an electric spark exploded a mixture of [[Earth's atmosphere|air]] and [[hydrogen]], fi ...they appear mostly in the form of [[ turbines]]. They are also used for [[electric generator]]s and by industry.

...ea]] winning in 10 h and 23 min, beating three petrol-fuelled cars and two electric. The first trophy awarded was the [[Vanderbilt Cup]]. ..., [[Mercedes-Benz]], [[Delahaye]] and [[Bugatti]] constructing streamlined vehicles with engines producing up to 450 kW(612HP) with the aid of multiple superch

...controlling the speed of the third input to a [[differential]] using an [[electric motor]]-[[generator]]. ...c]], have become a popular option on [[sports cars]] and other performance vehicles. With the near-universal prevalence of electronically controlled transmissi

...four-wheeled (or more) vehicle suspension. For information on two-wheeled vehicles suspensions see the [[Suspension (motorcycle)]], [[Motorcycle fork]], [[Bic ...etting the vehicle's ride height or its location in the suspension stroke. Vehicles which carry heavy loads will often have heavier than desired springs to com

...ll models except the "naked" (sold only in Italy) version. There are also electric aids available such as ABS brakes, ESP (electronic stability program), ASR {{Modern European Fiat vehicles}}

...ormula Hybrid]], similar to Formula SAE except all cars must have gasoline-electric hybrid power plants, was inaugurated. The first two contests were held at t ...a guide, engineering students had to design and build small, "Indy-style" vehicles using the same stock engine used in the ''Popular Mechanics'' article. Thir

...rs including [[Giovanni Agnelli]]. Fiat has also manufactured [[railroad]] vehicles, [[tanks]] and [[aircraft]]. As of 2009, Fiat is the world's sixth largest ...focused on the industrial production of cars, industrial and agricultural vehicles. Over time it has diversified into many other fields, and the group now has

...(physics)|power]] from a [[prime mover]] (which can be an [[engine]] or [[electric motor]]), to some form of useful output device. Typically, the [[rotation] ...[United States]], where perhaps 19 of 20 new cars are sold with them (most vehicles are not available with manual gearboxes anymore). In [[Europe]] automatic

...popularity. The two-seat Panda Elettra, introduced in 1990, adding an all-electric power-train to the line. Batteries replaced the rear seats and occupied som ...while a 4x4 version of the Nuova Panda was not planned and most of the 4x4 vehicles on the market were expensive [[SUV]]s.

...ly used for starting from a standstill. This procedure is common in racing vehicles and most production motorcycles. ...speeds, with 6-speed transmissions beginning to emerge in high performance vehicles in the early [[1990s]], and recently beginning to be offered on some high-e

...section) will be limited to automobiles built after World War II. Many odd vehicles emerged in the early days of the automobile industry. There is [[#Pre-War|a ...umers for their personal use on public roads - no commercial or industrial vehicles are eligible

...e Company Cars will be in Turin Rapid able to present a new model of light vehicles with four cylinder engines, the relative strength of 16, 24 and 50 HP, inha ...forward gears and reverse, and since 1916 also available with start-up and electric lighting. Suspended civilian production in 1917 and 1918, this model is alm

==Vehicles & gadgets== {{main|List of James Bond vehicles|List of James Bond gadgets}}

...that the Spider was given Bosch Motronic electronic fuel injection with an electric fan. Externally, the Spider lost its front under-bumper spoiler and the re [[Category:Alfa Romeo vehicles|Spider Veloce]]

...to kill General Pushkin. Q supplies him with a new [[Aston Martin]] and an electric key-finder featuring skeleton keys, which is also capable of releasing a no ==Vehicles & gadgets==

...3 hp at 6000 rpm and reaching 180 km/h. Puma produced some copies of other vehicles whose lines were inspired by a Jeep called the "Ranch", equipped with a VW In the '80s he also made a dragster and in the subsequent years had produced electric cars such as the PUMA BOXER 90 presented at the Bologna Motor Show.

!style="background:darkorange" align="center" valign="middle" | Industrial vehicles ...ni's Italy, a national emblem. During this period Alfa Romeo built bespoke vehicles for the wealthy, with the bodies normally built by [[Carrozzeria Touring|To

...ies. Among the most noteworthy gadgets Bond has been equipped with various vehicles that have numerous modifications to include weapons systems, anti-pursuit s ...n in the novel ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service'' where Bond upgrades the vehicles once again with an [[Arnott (automobile)|Arnott]] supercharger controlled b

...ariant of [[open-wheeler]] [[motor sport]] with simple, small four-wheeled vehicles called '''karts''', '''go-karts''', or '''gearbox/shifter karts''' dependin * [[Electric motor]]s powered by kart-mounted [[Battery (electricity)|batteries]]

...se. The [[James Bond]] books and movies have featured exotic equipment and vehicles, which often prove to be critically useful. ...gadgets used by others. For his gadget vehicles, see [[List of James Bond vehicles]].

...ropulsion system with a 2.5 litre TurboDiesel LANCIA engine and a 40 kW AC electric drive; it was shown at Turin Motor Show 2000. [[Category:Iso vehicles| ]]

...[Artificial_powered_exoskeleton|exoskeleton]] equipped with a high-voltage electric weapon, and prevents global catastrophe. Frost, Graves' assistant, who is p ==Vehicles & gadgets==

The new Delta has also a driving assistant that gives more safety, an electric eye monitors the road and gives feedback to steering wheel to suggest corre [[Category:Lancia vehicles|Delta]]

...end of '52. The displacement was increased to 192&nbsp;cc in 1954 &mdash; electric start was added in 1961. ...ining the fan mechanism -- a 3-bladed variable speed propeller driven by a electric motor.