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...rmann steering geometry''' is a geometric arrangement of linkages in the [[steering]] of a [[automobile|car]] or other [[vehicle]] designed to solve the proble ...pension.jpg|thumb|right|Part of steering mechanism: tie rod, tie rod ends, steering arm.]]

...], but much less [[backlash (gear)|backlash]] and greater [[feedback]], or steering "feel". [[Category:Automotive steering technologies]]

...hrough to race equipment such as racing suits and helmets. MOMO air-bagged steering wheels have become standard accessories on some regional [[Subaru]] and [[M MOMO steering wheels were standard feature in the [[UMM Alter II]] from 1987 to 1991.

...lic systems designed to prevent loss of control when excessive throttle or steering is applied by the driver. [[Category:Automotive safety technologies]]

...rnering. Caster angles over 10 degrees with radial tires are common. Power steering is usually necessary to overcome the jacking effect from the high caster an ...ween caster angle and trail is complex, but roughly speaking they both aid steering, caster tends to add damping, while trail adds 'feel', and returnability. I

...and kinematic and compliant effects. This can be contrasted with [[steer (automotive)|steer]], which is the antisymmetric angle, i.e. both wheels point to the l ...linkages|steering linkage]] typically conforms more or less to [[Ackermann steering geometry]], modified to suit the characteristics of the individual vehicle.

[[image:suspension.jpg|thumb|right|Suspension, showing tie rod, steering arm, king pin (axis) ball joints]] The '''kingpin''' is the main [[pivot]] in the steering mechanism of a [[automobile|car]] or other [[vehicle]]. Originally this was

...er Imperial]] under the name Hydraguide. Most new vehicles now have power steering, although in the 1970s and 1980s it was the exception rather than the rule, Most power steering systems work by using a belt driven pump to provide [[hydraulic system|hydr

# A simple "axle" type which usually carries the lower control arms and steering rack. [[Category:automotive technologies]]

...controlling such parameters as [[camber angle]], [[caster angle]], [[Toe (automotive)|toe]] pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and many more. ...oints can be used, in which case the steering loads have to be taken via a steering arm, and the wishbones look A or L shaped. An L shaped arm is generally pre

'''Cornering Brake Control''' or '''CBC''' is an [[automotive]] [[Automobile safety|safety system]] developed by [[BMW]]. It is a further In addition, the physically-dependent over-steering while braking on curves is compensated. CBC counteracts these tendencies by

...vehicle when viewed from the front or rear. It is used in the design of [[steering]] and [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension]]. If the top of the wheel is furth Compare to: [[Caster angle]], [[toe (automotive)]]

* [[Steering]] * [[Automotive aerodynamics]]

...rear suspensions, but is usually found at the front, where it provides a [[steering]] pivot ([[kingpin]]) as well as a suspension mounting for the wheel. Rear ...onry)|cartridge]] mounted within the strut. The strut also usually has a [[steering]] arm built into the lower inner portion. The whole assembly is very simple

...controlling such parameters as [[camber angle]], [[caster angle]], [[Toe (automotive)|toe]] pattern, roll center height, scrub radius, scuff and many more. ...oints can be used, in which case the steering loads have to be taken via a steering arm, and the wishbones look A or L shaped. An L shaped arm is generally pre

*[[Steering]]<br>The front axle of most [[automobile]]s is a '''steering axle'''. The vehicle is maneuvered by controlling the direction of the fro [[Category:Automotive suspension technologies]]

...older models, have a [[column shift]] where the lever is mounted to the [[steering column]]; typical examples include the [[Saab 96]], [[Citroen 2CV]] and [[R ...han a mechanical connection to the gearbox), mounted on either side of the steering column, where one increments the gears up, and the other down.

...h [[rail tracks]] combined together with [[railroad switch]]es provide the steering function. [[image:suspension.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Part of steering mechanism: tie rod, steering arm, king pin.]]

...of the lateral arms is replaced by the tie-rod, which connects the rack or steering box to the wheel hub. The arms have to control [[Toe (automotive)|toe]]/steer and lateral compliance. This needs a pair of arms longitudinal

'''Hydropneumatic''' is a type of [[automotive]] [[suspension (vehicle)|suspension system]] invented by [[Citroën]] and f ...hen powers the [[brake]]s, [[Suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] and [[power steering]]. It can also power any number of features such as the [[clutch]], [[Citro

A '''locking differential''' or '''locker''' is a variation on the standard automotive [[differential (mechanics)|differential]]. A locking differential provides ...which are better engineered than earlier versions which were notorious for steering difficulties. Driving habits, vehicle weight, and tire size can also have a

...high unsprung mass can lead to severe wheel hop, compromising traction and steering control. [[Category:Automotive suspension technologies]]

...transmission. In [[Formula One]], the system is adapted to fit onto the [[steering wheel]] in the form of two [[paddle]]s; depressing the right paddle shifts [[Category:Automotive transmission technologies]]

* No [[Torque steering|torque steer]]. ...her than would be possible using front wheel drive, resulting in a smaller steering radius.

* No [[Torque steering|torque steer]]. ...pulling the load closer to the point where a trailer articulates, helping steering, especially for large loads.

...braking]]. The purpose of this is twofold: to allow the driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking and, in most situations, to shorten braking dis *[http://www.contitevesna.com Continental Automotive Systems]

...lity Control, which is the more common term recognized by the [[Society of Automotive Engineers]], although individual motor manufacturers use a range of differe ESC compares the driver's intended direction in [[steering]] and braking inputs, to the vehicle's response, via lateral [[acceleration

* Tactile feedback via the steering wheel informing driver if a wheel is slipping. ...ist along the lengths of unequal front drive shafts. However, Center-point steering geometry can be incorporated in the design to avoid torque steer. This is h

...omechanical]] actuators and [[human-machine interface]]s such as pedal and steering feel emulators. '''Brake-by-wire''' represents the replacement of tradition ...e-by-wire technology is still under development by some automotomobile and automotive parts manufacturers industry worldwide and has not been widely commercializ

...er, the driver is provided with (usually) a pair of flipper paddles on the steering wheel, rally cars often utilize just a double-acting single paddle. Pulling [[Category:Automotive transmission technologies]]

*[[Dynamic steering response]] (DSR) corrects the rate of [[power steering]] system to adapt it to vehicle's speed and road conditions. *[[Death Brake]]; there is a move to introduce [[deadman's braking]] into automotive application, primarily heavy vehicles, there may also be a need to add [[pe

*[[Dynamic steering response]] (DSR) corrects the rate of [[power steering]] system to adapt it to vehicle's speed and road conditions. *[[Death Brake]]; there is a move to introduce [[deadman's braking]] into automotive application, primarily heavy vehicles, there may also be a need to add [[pe

==Non-automotive Applications== ...al. A computer uses inputs from multiple sensors, including [[yaw]] rate, steering angle, and lateral acceleration and adjusts the distribution of torque to c

...'s stability]] by detecting and minimizing skids. When ESC detects loss of steering control, ESC automatically applies the brakes to help "steer" the vehicle w ...ep traction while accelerating but unlike ESC it is not designed to aid in steering.

...is is usually used in concert with a [[parking pawl]] in the transmission. Automotive safety experts recommend the use of both systems to immobilize a parked car ...Motor Company]] cars from the late [[1960s]] had a flaw in which, when the steering-column mounted shifter's bearings wore, the car could jump into reverse fro

...ean market, as well as for the design of the Callaway]] C7. Outside of the automotive industry, Covini also worked on the Dragonfly Project, which was an attempt ...e public in January 1981 at the [[Geneva Show]]. It was built to test new technologies such as the air-liquid [[intercooler]]. It was the first [[diesel]] road v

...features) may be adjusted by bolts which connect the torsion bars to the [[steering knuckle]]s and require nothing more than crawling under the car with a wren [[Category:Automotive suspension technologies]]

The American inventor [[Allen Breed]] then developed a key component for automotive use - the ball-in-tube sensor for crash detection. He marketed this innovat In 1990, the first automotive fatality attributed to an airbag was reported, with deaths peaking in 1997

...ive carbon-fiber technologies are being used here for the first time in an automotive application. As a 100 percent subsidiary of AUDI AG, the Italian carmaker a ...in the world to have mastered the complete CFRP process across a range of technologies, from 3D design through simulation, validation, production and testing - al

This increases the time it takes to settle down and follow the steering. It depends on the (square of) the height and width, and (for a uniform ma ...g to take up "g forces" in his/her arms interferes with a driver's precise steering. In a similar manner, a lack of support for the seating position of the dri

...marked the introduction of gasoline-fuelled internal combustion engines. [[Automotive]] history is generally divided into a number of [[era]]s based on the major ...s such innovations as hand brakes, multi-speed transmissions, and better [[steering]] developed. Some were commercially successful in providing [[mass transit]

...Huayra merges the past, present and future in a timeless interpretation of automotive art. The styling of the car was perfected over the course of 5 years to fin ...f rigidity through the application of new advanced composite materials and technologies first tested on the Zonda R. The fuel tank is located integrally in the bes

...ssion''') is a type of [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] used in [[automotive]] applications. Manual transmissions often feature a [[driving|driver]]-op Contemporary automotive manual transmissions are generally available with four to six forward gears

*The vehicle's [[headlamp]]s, [[Retroreflector|reflectors]], and other [[Automotive lighting|lights and signals]] *The vehicle's [[brake]]s, [[steering]], and [[Suspension (vehicle)|suspension]] systems

...mode, the driver must move a gear shift lever which can be located on the steering column or on the floor next to the driver. In order to select gears/modes t * [[List of Aisin transmissions|Aisin AW]]; Aisin AW is a Japanese automotive parts supplier, known for its automatic transmissions and navigation system

...88 or 1889, he built a second automobile, this one with seats, brakes, and steering, and included a four-stroke engine of his own design. That design may have ...t was then greatly expanded by [[Henry Ford]] in the 1910s. Development of automotive technology was rapid, due in part to the hundreds of small manufacturers co

...with the single wheel at the back, with normal automotive type front wheel steering, as compared with placing the single wheel in the front. [[Category:Automotive technologies]]

...ted automakers’ moves to produce hybrid electric vehicles as evidence that technologies developed under PNGV were being rapidly adopted on production lines, as cal Automotive hybrid technology became successful in the 1990s when the [[Honda Insight]]

===Engine technologies=== * First [[Automotive aerodynamics|aerodynamic]] design - 1921 [[Rumpler]] Tropfenwagen

...es-Benz G5 and BMW 325 4x4 featured full time four-wheel drive, four-wheel steering, three differential lockers, and fully independent suspension. They were pr [[Category:Automotive technologies]]

The '''Fiat Panda''' is a [[city car]] from the [[Italy|Italian]] automotive manufacturer [[Fiat]]. The first Fiat Panda was made from 1980 to 2003 with ...central door locking, [[Radio / Cassette player]], driver's airbag, power steering. Manual climate control is available as an option. Since September 2005, AB