View source for Motorcycle Trials

[[Image:DSC 6328.jpg|thumb|[[Montesa Honda|Montesa]] Cota 4RT]]
'''Motorcycle trials''', also termed '''observed trials''', is a non-speed event on specialized [[motorcycle]]s. The sport is most popular in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] and [[Spain]], though there are participants around the globe. 

Trial motorcycles are distinctive in that they are extremely lightweight, lack seating (they're designed to be ridden standing up) and have suspension travel that is short, relative to a motocross or enduro motorcycle.

==Characteristics==
[[Image:Hornberg.jpg|thumb|right|A 2000 [[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]] Rev 3]]

The event is split into sections where a competitor rides through an obstacle course while attempting to avoid touching the ground with the feet. The obstacles in the course may be of natural or constructed elements. In all sections, regardless of content, the designated route is carefully contrived to test the skill of the rider. In many local observed trials events, the sections are divided into separate courses to accommodate the different skill level of riders, who compete in skill-rated classes.

In every section, the competitor is scored by an observer (hence the sport's name) who counts how many times the competitor touches the ground with the foot (or any other part of the body). Each time a competitor touches the ground with a foot (commonly called "dabs" or "prods"), the penalty is one point. 

The possible scores in each section consist of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5. If a competitor makes his or her way through the section without touching the ground with a foot, a score of 0 (called "cleaning the section") is earned. If he or she touches the ground only once, the score of 1 is earned. If he or she touches down twice, the score of 2 is earned. If he or she touches the ground three times or more, the score of 3 is earned, as long as the section is completed without stalling the motor, dismounting, going out of bounds or going backward. If the competitor fails to complete the section a score of 5 (sometimes colorfully called "a fiasco") is earned. The winner is the competitor with the least points at the end of the event. Some events are also timed with penalty points assessed to late riders.

There is a world indoor and outdoor championship, as well as indoor and outdoor national team "world cups" (''Trial des Nations''). British competitor [[Dougie Lampkin]] is notable for winning seven world outdoor titles in the 1990s and 2000s. Previous observed trials greats include [[Northern Ireland]]'s [[Sammy Miller]] (1960s), [[Finland]]'s [[Yrjö Vesterinen]] (1970s), [[Spain]]'s [[Jordi Tarres]] (1980s and '90s). The current outdoor world champion is [[Antonio Bou]] from Spain who is also the current indoor champion.

In addition to the world championship events, there are other major events, such as the Scottish Six-Day Trial (SSDT) and the Scott Trial. 

Major current manufacturers of trials bikes are [[Gas Gas]], [[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]], [[Sherco (motorcycles)|Sherco]], [[Montesa Honda]], and [[Scorpa]]. In the past there have been many manufacturers, from countries such as Spain, Japan, Britain and Italy - see [[List of motorcycle manufacturers]].

{{Motorcycle trials manufactures}}

Classic classes exist for vintage bikes. Classes include pre-1965 or -1967 motorcycles (typically British), as well as newer vintage events for observed trials motorcycles with two rear shock absorbers. In most cases, twin-shock motorcycles were manufactured before 1985 and are typically Japanese or Spanish. A recent addition has been a class for aircooled monoshock bikes, this covers machines up to around 1990.

A competition event is called an "observed trial" or "trial" (not plural), unless referred to as an "observed trials event." A newer name for the sport, MotoTrial, is gaining popularity, but is far from universally used or accepted.

==World Trials Champions==
===Outdoor Series===
{| class="wikitable"
!align=center|Year
!align=center|Name
!align=center|Country
!align=center|Machine
!align=center|Notes
|-
|2007
|[[Antonio Bou|Toni Bou]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|2006
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2005
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2004
|[[Takahisa Fujinami]]
|{{flagiconJapan}}
|[[Honda]]
|
|-
|2003
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|2002
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|2001
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|2000
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|1999
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1998
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1997
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1996
|[[Marc Colomer]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Montesa HRC|Montesa]]
|
|-
|1995
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|1994
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|1993
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|1992
|[[Tommi Ahvala]]
|{{flagiconFinland}}
|[[Aprilia]]
|
|-
|1991
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1990
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1989
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)|Beta]]
|
|-
|1988
|[[Thierry Michaud]]
|{{flagiconFrance}}
|[[Fantic]]
|
|-
|1987
|[[Jordi Tarrés]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|1986
|[[Thierry Michaud]]
|{{flagiconFrance}}
|[[Fantic]]
|
|-
|1985
|[[Thierry Michaud]]
|{{flagiconFrance}}
|[[Fantic]]
|
|-
|1984
|[[Eddy Lejeune]]
|{{flagiconBelgium}}
|[[Honda]]
|
|-
|1983
|[[Eddy Lejeune]]
|{{flagiconBelgium}}
|[[Honda]]
|
|-
|1982
|[[Eddy Lejeune]]
|{{flagiconBelgium}}
|[[Honda]]
|
|-
|1981
|[[Gilles Burgat]]
|{{flagiconFrance}}
|[[SWM (motorcycles)|SWM]]
|
|-
|1980
|[[Ulf Karlson]]
|{{flagiconSweden}}
|[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|1979
|[[Bernie Schreiber]]
|{{flagiconUnited States}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1978
|[[Yrjö Vesterinen]]
|{{flagiconFinland}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1977
|[[Yrjö Vesterinen]]
|{{flagiconFinland}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1976
|[[Yrjö Vesterinen]]
|{{flagiconFinland}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1975
|[[Martin Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|''Title becomes "World Trials Champion"''
|-
|1974
|[[Malcolm Rathmell]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1973
|[[Martin Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1972
|[[Mick Andrews]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Ossa (motorcycle)|Ossa]]
|
|-
|1971
|[[Mick Andrews]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Ossa (motorcycle)|Ossa]]
|
|-
|1970
|[[Sammy Miller]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|
|-
|1969
|[[Don Smith]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|1968
|[[Sammy Miller]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Bultaco]]
|''Title becomes "European Trials Champion"''
|-
|1967
|[[Don Smith]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Greeves (motorcycles)|Greeves]]
|
|-
|1966
|[[Gustav Franke]]
|{{flagiconGermany}}
|[[Zündapp]]
|
|-
|1965
|[[Gustav Franke]]
|{{flagiconPoland}}
|[[Zündapp]]
|
|-
|1964
|[[Don Smith]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Greeves (motorcycles)|Greeves]]
|''Title becomes "International Trial Master"''
|-
|}

===Indoor Series===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%" border=1 cellpadding=3
|- tr BGCOLOR="darkred"
!align=center|Year
!align=center|Name
!align=center|Country
!align=center|Machine
!align=center|Notes
|-
|2007
|[[Antonio Bou|Toni Bou]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Montesa HRC]]
|
|-
|2006
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2005
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2004
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2003
|[[Adam Raga]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Gas Gas]]
|
|-
|2002
|[[Albert Cabestany]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|2001
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|2000
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|1999
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|1998
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|1997
|[[Dougie Lampkin]]
|{{flagiconUK}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|1996
|[[Marc Colomer]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|1995
|[[Marc Colomer]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta]]/[[Montesa]]
|
|-
|1994
|[[Marc Colomer]]
|{{flagiconSpain}}
|[[Beta]]
|
|-
|1993
|[[Tommi Ahvala]]
|{{flagiconFinland}}
|[[Aprilia]]
|
|-
|}

==See also==
*[[Bike trials riding]]
*[[Kick Start (TV series)]]

==External links==
===Organizations===
* [http://www.natctrials.org/ North American Trials Council] - NATC
* [http://www.usmotorcycletrials.com/ US Motorcycle Trials Association] - USMTA
* [http://www.atatrials.com/ American Trials Association]
* [http://www.acu.org.uk/ AutoCycle Union] - [[AutoCycle Union|ACU]], The UK Governing body

===Training===
* [http://www.motoventures.com/ MotoVentures]
* [http://www.itstrials.com/ International Trials School]
* [http://www.trialstrainingcenter.com/ Trials Training Center]

===Publications/Media===
* [http://www.onthepegs.net/ On the Pegs: Trials World Radio] podcast
* [http://www.r2wtrials.co.uk/ r2wtrials]
* [http://www.trialscomp.com/ Trials Competition] newspaper
* [http://www.trialsinc.org/ Trials Inc.]
* [http://www.trialscentral.com/ Trials Central]
* [http://www.trialonline.org/ Trial Online]
* [http://www.dirtridersinternational.com/forum.asp?FORUM_ID=7 Dirt Riders International]
* [http://www.trialstalk.co.uk/ Trials Talk]

===Clubs===
====United States====
* [http://www.avtatrials.com/ Ark Valley Trials Association]
* [http://www.centralarizonatrials.org/ Central Arizona Trials]
* [http://perso.orange.fr/cyberfile/trialbike/English/index_en.htm Tri@l Bike]
* [http://www.coloradotrials.org/ Rocky Mountain Trials Association]
* [http://www.observedtrials.com/ Columbia Observed Trials Association]
* [http://www.gasgasmuseum.com/index.htm GAS GAS Trials Bike Museum]
* [http://pugetsoundtrialers.com/ Puget Sound Trialers]
* [http://www.motatrials.org/ Michigan Ontario Trials Association]
* [http://www.nmtrials.org/ New Mexico Trials Association]
* [http://www.geocities.com/utahtrials/ Wasatch Trials Association "unofficial" site]
* [http://www.geocities.com/twoftup/ Wyoming Motorcycle Trials Association]
* [http://myweb.cableone.net/bcanderson/ObservedTrials/ObservedTrials.htm Eastern Idaho Observed Trials]
* [http://www.intatrials.com/ Inland Northwest Trials Association]
* [http://www.sactopits.org/ Pacific International Trials Society aka Sacramento PITS]
* [http://www.vintageriders.org/pages/4/index.htm Utah Vintage Riders]
* [http://www.mavt.org/ Mid Atlantic Vintage Trials]
* [http://www.xtraobservedtrials.org AMA District 6 Observed Trials]
* [http://www.dmcom.net/3dtrials/ 3D Trials]
* [http://www.d4trials.50megs.com/ AMA District 4 Observed Trials] 
* [http://www.newenglandtrials.org/ New England Trials Association]
* [http://www.trialsinc.org/ Trials Incorporated]
* [http://www.umta.org/ Upper Midwest Trials Association]
* [http://www.wisconsintrials.org/  Wisconsin Observed Trials Association]
* [http://www.floridatrials.net Florida Trials Association]
* [http://www.twinshock.org International Twin Shock Association]

====Canada====
* [http://www.trialsclub.org/index.html Canada Pacific Trials Association]

====United Kingdom====
* [http://www.doublefive.co.uk Doublefive Kent Motor Club (UK)]
* [http://www.manchester17.org.uk Manchester 17 Trials Club (UK)]
* [http://www.lightweightclub.co.uk Lightweight Motor Cycle Club Trials Northern Ireland (UK)]

====Australia====
* [http://www.trials.com.au/ Trials Australia]
* [http://www.ma.org.au Motorcycling Australia (MA)]- Australian Governing Body
* [http://www.ajs.asn.au AJS Motorcycle Club of South Australia] Main Moto Trials Club in SA


[[Category:Motorcycle trials| ]]